International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003の要求清浄度について － シリコンウエハ表面と雰囲気環境に要求される清浄度, 分析方法の現状について －

Wave propagation and group velocity

By L I Sedov London: Cleaver-Hume Press Ltd Pp xvi + 363 Price 105s This is really two separate books within the same pair of covers First of all Chapters 1-3, some 145 pages, are devoted to the discussion of similarity and dimensional, methods and their application to a variety of problems in mechanics and fluid mechanics

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/11/6/008/pdf

Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics

Vorlesungen uber theoretische Physik Von Prof. Arnold Sommerfeld. Band 1: Mechanik. Vierte, neubearbeitete Auflage. Pp. xii + 276. 18 D. marks. Band 2: Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien. Pp. xv + 376 + 4 plates. 18 D. marks. Band 3: Elektrodynamik. Pp. xvi + 368. 18 D. marks. Band 6: Partielle Differentialgleichungen der Physik. Pp. xiii + 332. 18 D. marks. (Wiesbaden: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1947–1949.)

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Lectures on Theoretical Physics

A new prototype triboelectric nanogenerator with superhydrophobic and self-cleaning features is invented to harvest water drop energy based on a sequential contact electrification and electrostatic induction process. Because of the easy-fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and robust properties, the developed triboelectric nanogenerator expands the potential applications to harvesting energy from household wastewater and raindrops.

Harvesting Water Drop Energy by a Sequential Contact-Electrification and Electrostatic-Induction Process

A demonstration of the negative time-delay by using active circuit topologies with negative group delay (NGD) is described in this paper. This negative time delay is realized with two different topologies operating in base band and modulated frequencies. The first NGD topology is composed of an RL-network in feedback with an RF/microwave amplifier. Knowing the characteristics of the amplifier, a synthesis method of this circuit in function of the desired NGD values and the expected time advance is established. The feasibility of this extraordinary physical effect is illustrated with frequency- and time-domain analyses. It is shown in this paper that by considering an arbitrary waveform signal, output in advance of about 7 ns is observed compared to the corresponding input. It is stated that such an effect is not in contradiction with the causality. The other NGD topology is comprised of a microwave amplifier associated with an RLC-series resonant. The theoretical approach illustrating the functioning of this NGD circuit is established by considering the amplifier S-parameters. Then, synthesis relations enabling to choose the NGD device parameters according to the desired NGD and gain values are also established. To demonstrate the relevance of the theoretic concept, a microwave device exhibiting NGD function of about -1.5 ns at around 1.19 GHz was designed and analyzed. The NGD device investigated in this paper presents advantages on its faculty to exhibit positive transmission gain, the implementation of the bias network and matching in the considered NGD frequency band.

http://aemjournal.org/index.php/AEM/article/download/89/pdf_2

Synthesis of RF Circuits with Negative Time Delay by Using LNA

Summary
This paper treats an innovative methodology on the synthesis mechanism of the coupled-parallel-line (CPL) transmission zero (TZ) and reflection zero (RZ). The CPL structure under study is configured as a reflection type distributed arbitrarily loaded stub circuits. On the basis of the equivalent Z-matrix analysis, the CPL input impedance theoretical model is established. Mathematical analysis is performed to predict accurately the TZ and RZ frequency shifts in function of the CPL physical parameters. The input impedance behavioral model in function of asymmetrical CPL load parameters is determined. The TZ and RZ existence conditions are established. Then, the characteristic equations illustrating the TZ and RZ fundamental formulas in function of the CPL coupling coefficient and characteristic impedances are examined. Furthermore, innovative graphical representations of the TZ and RZ existence conditions in function of the CPL parameter ranges are explored. The developed CPL model was validated with different cases of simulated microstrip proof of concept. As expected, a good correlation between the TZ and RZ frequency shifts from the analytical calculations and simulations is obtained. The developed CPL model is useful for the TZ and RZ frequency shifts fast monitoring during the Radio Frequency (RF)/microwave circuit design phase. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Theory on asymmetrical coupled-parallel-line transmission and reflection zeros

This paper focuses on the time-domain analysis of bandpass (BP) negative group delay (NGD) function. The innovative NGD investigation is based on the time-domain experimentation of an innovative topology of “lill”-shape passive microstrip circuit. The design principle of the proof of concept (POC) constituted by particular microstrip shapes is described. The NGD circuit is inspired from a recent fully distributed “li”-topology. Before the time-domain investigation, the BP NGD specifications of the circuit under study are academically defined. As practical application of the basic definition, a frequency domain validation of “lill”-circuit is presented in the first section of the paper. The POC circuit is specified by a −8 ns NGD value at 2.31 GHz NGD center frequency and a 27 MHz NGD bandwidth. The “lill”-circuit exhibits an attenuation loss of about −6.2 dB at the NGD center frequency. Then, the two-port black box model of “lill”-NGD-circuit represented by touchstone data of the measured S-parameters is exploited for the transient simulation. The measured group delay (GD) illustrates that the tested “lill”-circuit operates as a BP function regarding the NGD with NGD equal to −8.1 ns at the NGD center frequency. The time-domain demonstration of the BP NGD function was performed using a gaussian pulse modulating sine carrier. The innovative experimental setup with the possibility to plot simultaneously well synchronized input and output signals is explained. The BP NGD time-domain response is understood from commercial tool simulation using the touchstone S-parameters of the measured “lill”-circuit by using a Gaussian up-converted pulse having a 27 MHz frequency bandwidth. It was observed that the output signals are delayed when the sine carrier is out of NGD-band. However, the output signal envelope is in advanced of about −8 ns when the carrier is tuned to be approximately equal to the 2.31 GHz NGD center frequency. To confirm the time-domain typical behavior of BP NGD response, an input pulse signal having Gaussian waveform were considered during the test. However, the input signal spectrum must be determined in function of the NGD bandwidth. After tests, measured output signal envelopes presenting leading edge, trailing edge and peak in time-advance compared to the input ones are observed experimentally. The results of the present feasibility study open a potential microwave communication application of BP NGD function notably for systems operating with ISM and IEEE 802.11 standards.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03274873/document

Experimental Time-Domain Study for Bandpass Negative Group Delay Analysis With Lill-Shape Microstrip Circuit

The multilayer technology constitutes the ultimate solution for the design of high-density printed circuit board (PCB). Challenging modeling method is required to predict the signal integrity (SI) of the multilayer PCB. This paper addresses an unfamiliar direct time-domain model of a 3-D multilayer hybrid PCB. The subnetwork primitive elements of the equivalent graph are constituted by lumped components, interconnect lines, vias, pads, and anti-pads. The tensorial analysis of networks (TANs) is used to solve the problem related to the graph topology in the function of the PCB design parameters. The TAN concept is based on the interaction between the primitive elements. The mesh currents constitute the proposed computational unknowns. The unfamiliar model is validated with a three-port network prototype constituted by the six-layer PCB, including passive SMD components. In the frequency domain, S-parameter validation from 100 kHz to 5 GHz is presented. By using 80-Mb/s and 0.5-Gb/s rate data patterns, the proposed TAN model is validated by both simulations and measurements in the time domain. The transient results present vector magnitude relative error accuracy lower than 15%. Thanks to the computation speed and adaptability to multilayer hybrid structures, the TAN model is a prominent approach for the SI and power integrity analyses of 3-D multilayer structures.

Direct Time-Domain TAN Model of 3D Multilayer Hybrid PCB: Experimental Validation

This paper describes a dielectric substrate materials electromagnetic (EM) characterization method in the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies from DC to 5 GHz by taking into account the temperature influence. The proposed method theoretical principle is described and fundamentally built with the analytical formulation from the microstrip transmission line (TL) theory. From this basic concept, the analytical equations enabling to determine the dielectric material relative permittivity and loss tangent from the given S-parameters are established. The characterization method is validated with numerical and experimental tests. As proof of concept, a prototype of microstrip TL printed on FR4 epoxy substrate was designed, fabricated and experimented. The relative permittivity and loss tangent were extracted in the UWB frequency from DC to 5 GHz in the range of temperature varied from 40°C to 140°C. This innovative characterization method is useful for the investigation on the frequency dependent and especially by taking into account the temperature influence on the substrate materials; for example, during the microstrip circuits design phase.

Blaise Ravelo

Papers

Synthesis of RF Circuits with Negative Time Delay by Using LNA

Theory on asymmetrical coupled-parallel-line transmission and reflection zeros

Experimental Time-Domain Study for Bandpass Negative Group Delay Analysis With Lill-Shape Microstrip Circuit

Direct Time-Domain TAN Model of 3D Multilayer Hybrid PCB: Experimental Validation

Microstrip Dielectric Substrate Material Characterization with Temperature Effect