International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003の要求清浄度について － シリコンウエハ表面と雰囲気環境に要求される清浄度, 分析方法の現状について －

Wave propagation and group velocity

By L I Sedov London: Cleaver-Hume Press Ltd Pp xvi + 363 Price 105s This is really two separate books within the same pair of covers First of all Chapters 1-3, some 145 pages, are devoted to the discussion of similarity and dimensional, methods and their application to a variety of problems in mechanics and fluid mechanics

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/11/6/008/pdf

Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics

Vorlesungen uber theoretische Physik Von Prof. Arnold Sommerfeld. Band 1: Mechanik. Vierte, neubearbeitete Auflage. Pp. xii + 276. 18 D. marks. Band 2: Mechanik der deformierbaren Medien. Pp. xv + 376 + 4 plates. 18 D. marks. Band 3: Elektrodynamik. Pp. xvi + 368. 18 D. marks. Band 6: Partielle Differentialgleichungen der Physik. Pp. xiii + 332. 18 D. marks. (Wiesbaden: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1947–1949.)

/pdf/lectures-on-theoretical-physics-4m0v0ffz5s.pdf

Lectures on Theoretical Physics

A new prototype triboelectric nanogenerator with superhydrophobic and self-cleaning features is invented to harvest water drop energy based on a sequential contact electrification and electrostatic induction process. Because of the easy-fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and robust properties, the developed triboelectric nanogenerator expands the potential applications to harvesting energy from household wastewater and raindrops.

Harvesting Water Drop Energy by a Sequential Contact-Electrification and Electrostatic-Induction Process

Recent studies proved that certain electronic active circuits are capable to exhibit simultaneously a negative group delay (NGD) and amplification in microwave frequency bands. One of the simplest topologies generating this counterintuitive NGD function effect is formed by a series RLC-network in cascade with a transistor. By using this cell, similar to the classical electronic functions, dual-band NGD microwave devices with loss compensation possibility can be designed. Theoretic demonstrations concerning the theory of the NGD circuit considered are presented. The dual-band NGD concept feasibility is concretely illustrated by an example of EM/circuit co-simulations. So, in frequency domain, dual-band NGD with minimal values of about -1 ns was observed simultaneously within two frequency bands centered at about 1.05 GHz and 2.05 GHz. To highlight the functioning of the hybrid device considered, time-domain analysis showing the RF/microwave signal advancement is performed. As application, the concept investigated can be envisaged for data synchronization in multi-channel wireless communication systems eventually degraded by undesired EMI effects.

/pdf/an-fet-based-microwave-active-circuit-with-dual-band-28zu72mkrm.pdf

An FET-based microwave active circuit with dual-band negative group delay

This paper focus is on the neutralization technique of the unwanted physical disturbances in the radio frequencies (RF) and digital electronic structures. Most of parasitic effects induced in these systems can be modeled by RC- and LC- passive networks. For canceling these disturbing effects, we can proceed with the transfer function neutralization in the considered operating frequency bands. This neutralization concept is developed by using first, a left-handed (LH) and negative group delay (NGD) circuits inspired from metamaterials. The fundamental theoretical approach illustrating the RC- and LC-effects transfer function neutralization is described. Synthesis relations enabling to determine the elements of the LH and NGD circuit correctors in function of the perturbation parameters are established. Numerical and experimental demonstrators are presented to validate the technique proposed. This later is particularly useful for the improvement of the analogue and digital signal integrity degraded by electromagnetic interferences.

/pdf/neutralization-of-lc-and-rc-disturbances-with-left-handed-3h60utra0l.pdf

Neutralization of LC- and RC-Disturbances with Left-Handed and NGD Effects

In this paper, a broadband balun using an active circuit with negative group delay (NGD) is proposed. The unit cell of the active NGD circuit is based on a Field Effect Transistor (FET) in cascade with an RLC series network. First, a comparison between measurements of a two-stage prototype of this active topology and simulations validate the synthesis method of this innovative device. Then, thanks to the NGD circuit, a constant phase can be generated if this circuit is associated with a classical transmission line. By implementing such phase shifters into the two branches of a resistive splitter, we obtain a new balun topology. The NGD balun simulation results show a rather constant differential output phase (180degplusmn9deg), insertion losses above -2.4 dB and an excellent isolation below -59 dB for all three ports, for a bandwidth from 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz.

/pdf/broadband-balun-using-active-negative-group-delay-circuit-4tph69dq6u.pdf

Broadband balun using active negative group delay circuit

This paper develops an innovative design method of a multi-coupled line (CL) topology of low-loss dual band negative group delay (NGD) circuit. The proposed is conceived using three transmission lines (TLs) with different length in which integrate two couplers. The three traveling paths are designed to generate the dual-band NGD effect, where the CLs allow lowering the signal attenuation. The NGD circuit S-parameter model as a function of the TLs physical lengths and coupling coefficient are established. To validate the NGD circuit proof-of-concept, it is fabricated and measured. The NGD values of approximately -4.06 ns and -3.83 ns are measured at center frequencies of 2.43 GHz and 3.02 GHz, respectively. The measured transmission coefficient is better than -2.9 dB and the measured reflection one is better than -12 dB into the NGD band. The measurement results of the NGD circuit are in good agreement with the simulations results.

/pdf/analytical-design-of-dual-band-negative-group-delay-circuit-40iwgs1158.pdf

Analytical Design of Dual-Band Negative Group Delay Circuit With Multi-Coupled Lines

This paper introduces theoretic and experimental analyses of short-duration pulse propagation through a negative group delay (NGD) circuit. The basic analysis method of this electronic circuit operating in baseband and microwave frequencies is investigated. Then, its electrical fundamental characteristics vis-a-vis transient signals are developed. To validate the theoretic concept, planar hybrid devices with one- and two-stage NGD cells were designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. Transient analyses with ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse signals with different widths are realized. Then, experimental results in good agreement with the theoretical predictions were observed. Consequently, group delay going down under −2.5 ns is evidenced in baseband frequency up to 63 MHz with one-stage NGD cell. In time-domain, a Gaussian pulse in advance of about t 0  = −1.5 ns or 20% of its half-height time-width was measured. This corresponds to a negative group velocity of about v g  =  L / t 0  = −0.13 c ( L is the physical length of the tested device and c is light speed in the vacuum). More significant NGD value over 100-MHz bandwidth is stated with two-stage NGD cells. This results in a Gaussian pulse peak advance of about −5 ns (raising a group velocity of about v g  = −0.12 c ) or 31% of its half-height time-width. Finally, some potential applications based on the NGD function are discussed.

/pdf/demonstration-of-negative-signal-delay-with-short-duration-3ccr871cae.pdf

Blaise Ravelo

Papers

An FET-based microwave active circuit with dual-band negative group delay

Neutralization of LC- and RC-Disturbances with Left-Handed and NGD Effects

Broadband balun using active negative group delay circuit

Analytical Design of Dual-Band Negative Group Delay Circuit With Multi-Coupled Lines

Demonstration of negative signal delay with short-duration transient pulse