THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

In this review we will explore recent advances in the design and application of excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent probes. Fluorescence based sensors and imaging agents (probes) are important in biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental science for the selective detection of biologically and/or environmentally important species. The development of ESIPT-based fluorescence probes is particularly attractive due to their unique properties, which include a large Stokes shift, environmental sensitivity and potential for ratiometric sensing.

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Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence sensors and imaging agents

Coordination chemistry of thiazoles, isothiazoles and thiadiazoles

Rationally designed multiple hydroxyl-group-based chemosensors L1-L4 containing arene-based fluorophores are presented for the selective detection of Al3+ and Ga3+ ions. Changes in the absorption and emission spectra of L1-L4 in ethanol were easily observable upon the addition of Al3+ and Ga3+ ions. Competitive binding studies, detection limits, and binding constants illustrate significant sensing abilities of these chemosensors with L4, showing the best results. The interaction of Al3+/Ga3+ ions with chemosensor L4 was investigated by fluorescence lifetime measurements, whereas Job's plot, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR spectral titrations substantiated the stoichiometry between L4 and Al3+/Ga3+ ions. The solution-generated [L-M3+] species further detected pyrophosphate ion (PPi) by exhibiting emission enhancement and a visible color change. The binding of Al3+/Ga3+ ions with chemosensor L4 was further supported by density functional theory studies. Reversibility for the detection of Al3+/Ga3+ ions was achieved by utilizing a suitable proton source. The multiionic response, reversibility, and optical visualization of the present chemosensors make them ideal for practical applications for real samples, which have been illustrated by paper-strip as well as polystyrene film-based detection.

Turn-On Fluorescent Sensors for the Selective Detection of Al3+ (and Ga3+) and PPi Ions.

In this work, (E)-2-[(pyridin-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol, a Schiff-base compound was synthesized and the investigation of solid state emission property was carried out. The observed bright emission in solid state was identified it as an ‘aggregation induced emission (AIE)’ active compound. The mechanism of AIE property was investigated and proposed to occur as J-aggregation mediated ‘excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)’. It was interestingly observed that the compound exhibited mechanofluorochromic (MFC) property and changed its emission color from yellow to greenish-yellow after grinding. Furthermore, a very sensitive detection of F− was achieved with turn-on fluorescent emission with using the same compound. The detection limit was calculated and found to be 14.0 pM. The 1:1 binding of analyte with the fluorophore (host/guest) was supported with UV–vis and 1H NMR spectroscopes. Several important experimental findings were further supported theoretically by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.

A multi-stimuli responsive “AIE” active salicylaldehyde-based Schiff base for sensitive detection of fluoride

A new highly selective turn-on fluorescent chemosensor based on 2′-hydroxyphenylthiazole for the detection of gallium and hydrogen sulfate ions in acetonitrile was synthesized and characterized. The mechanism of fluorescence was based on the inhibition of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The sensor demonstrated high selectivity for gallium as compared to aluminum and other cations and allowed sequential detection of hydrogen sulfate.

A fluorescent chemosensor for sequential recognition of gallium and hydrogen sulfate ions based on a new phenylthiazole derivative

Fluorescence sensor for sequential detection of zinc and phosphate ions.

Highly selective fluorescent probe for sequential recognition of copper(II) and iodide ions

Background 
Reporting quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts is important as readers often make their first judgments based on the abstracts. This study aims to assess the reporting quality of psychiatry RCT abstracts published before and after the release of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts (CONSORT-A) guidelines.


Methods 
MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted to identify psychiatric RCTs published during 2005–2007 (pre-CONSORT) and 2012–2014 (post-CONSORT). Two independent reviewers assessed abstracts using a 18-point overall quality score (OQS) based on the CONSORT-A guidelines. Linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors associated with reporting quality.


Results 
Among 1,927 relevant articles, 285 pre-CONSORT and 214 post-CONSORT psychiatric RCT abstracts were included for analysis. The mean OQS improved from 6.9 (range: 3–13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.7–7.2) to 8.2 (range: 4–16; 95% CI: 7.8–8.5) after the CONSORT-A guidelines. Despite improvement, methods of randomization, allocation concealment, and funding source remained to be insufficiently reported (<5%) even after the release of CONSORT-A. High-impact general medical journals, multicenter design, positive outcome, and structured abstracts were associated with better reporting quality.


Conclusions 
The reporting quality in psychiatric RCT abstracts, although improved, remains suboptimal. To improve reporting quality of psychiatry RCT abstracts, greater efforts by both investigators and journal editors are required to enhance better adherence to the CONSORT-A guidelines.

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Assessing reporting quality of randomized controlled trial abstracts in psychiatry: Adherence to CONSORT for abstracts: A systematic review.

A simple salicylic acid selective fluorescence receptor 1 was designed by combining 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde and 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole. The selective sensing of salicylic acid resulted in a significant increase in monomer emissions due to the π–π interactions between the benzene and pyrene rings. The nature of the interactions between receptor 1 and salicylic acid was investigated further by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the energy minimised structure of the complex between receptor 1 and salicylic acid was optimised. Receptor 1 showed the highest binding constant with 5-nitrosalicylic acid (Ka = 7.18 × 104 M−1) among all the aromatic carboxylic acids tested. 5-Nitrosalicylic acid formed a complex with receptor 1 at a 1 : 1 ratio in EtOH.

Bo-Yeon Kim

Papers

A fluorescent chemosensor for sequential recognition of gallium and hydrogen sulfate ions based on a new phenylthiazole derivative

Fluorescence sensor for sequential detection of zinc and phosphate ions.

Highly selective fluorescent probe for sequential recognition of copper(II) and iodide ions

Assessing reporting quality of randomized controlled trial abstracts in psychiatry: Adherence to CONSORT for abstracts: A systematic review.

Selective fluorescence sensing of salicylic acid using a simple pyrene appended imidazole receptor