Showing papers by "Calum N. L. Macpherson published in 2017"
University of Liège1, National Institutes of Health2, University of Insubria3, Imperial College London4, American University of Beirut5, University of Verona6, University of Padua7, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation8, Pasteur Institute9, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital10, University of Rome Tor Vergata11, St. George's University12, École normale supérieure de Lyon13, Kyoto University14, University of California, San Francisco15, University of Montpellier16, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai17, University of Tokyo18, St. Marianna University School of Medicine19
TL;DR: This review outlines priorities and open questions in HTLV research and proposes a series of actions to expand epidemiological studies; increase research on mechanisms of HTLV‐1 persistence, replication and pathogenesis; discover effective treatments; and develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
102 citations
TL;DR: Moderate to substantial interobserver and substantial to almost perfect intraobserver reliability for the WHO classification for CE is demonstrated, demonstrating experts' abilities to reliably identify WHO-defined pathognomonic signs of CE.
Abstract: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic zoonosis, results in cyst formation in the viscera. Cyst morphology depends on developmental stage. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a standardized ultrasound (US) classification for CE, for use among experts as a standard of comparison. This study examined the reliability of this classification. Eleven international CE and US experts completed an assessment of eight WHO classification images and 88 test images representing cyst stages. Inter- and intraobserver reliability and observer performance were assessed using Fleiss' and Cohen's kappa. Interobserver reliability was moderate for WHO images (κ = 0.600, P < 0.0001) and substantial for test images (κ = 0.644, P < 0.0001), with substantial to almost perfect interobserver reliability for stages with pathognomonic signs (CE1, CE2, and CE3) for WHO (0.618 < κ < 0.904) and test images (0.642 < κ < 0.768). Comparisons of expert performances against the majority classification for each image were significant for WHO (0.413 < κ < 1.000, P < 0.005) and test images (0.718 < κ < 0.905, P < 0.0001); and intraobserver reliability was significant for WHO (0.520 < κ < 1.000, P < 0.005) and test images (0.690 < κ < 0.896, P < 0.0001). Findings demonstrate moderate to substantial interobserver and substantial to almost perfect intraobserver reliability for the WHO classification, with substantial to almost perfect interobserver reliability for pathognomonic stages. This confirms experts' abilities to reliably identify WHO-defined pathognomonic signs of CE, demonstrating that the WHO classification provides a reproducible way of staging CE.
26 citations
TL;DR: Significant asymmetry confirms the WHO classification's applicability to the natural history of CE and albendazole-induced changes, andRegression to CE3B occurred in 29 of 206 CE4 observations (14.1%).
24 citations