Carol A. Colton

TL;DR: Signal transduction and the chemical biology of NO in terms of the direct and indirect reactions are discussed, with general results that promote cell survival and proliferation, whereas higher levels favor cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence.

TL;DR: The immune response in the brain has been widely investigated and while many studies have focused on the proinflammatory cytotoxic response, the brain’s innate immune system demonstrates significant heterogeneity.

TL;DR: The specific ability of microglia to secrete the superoxide radical ion in response to a complement activated agent, opsonized zymosan, and to phorbol myristate acetate is demonstrated.

TL;DR: The chemistry of NO and ROS in the context of antipathogen activity and immune regulation is discussed and similarities and differences between murine and human production of these intermediates are discussed.

TL;DR: The findings confirmed that treatment of microglia with anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 induces a gene profile typical of alternative activation similar to that previously observed in peripheral macrophages and suggest that innate immune cells in AD may exhibit a hybrid activation state that includes characteristics of classical and alternative activation.