Chris J. Scott

TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited all existing evidence and datasets, both direct and indirect, to assess the level of solar activity during the Maunder minimum, and concluded that solar activity was indeed at an exceptionally low level during this period.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited all the existing pieces of evidence and datasets, both direct and indirect, to assess the level of solar activity during the Maunder minimum, and concluded that solar activity was indeed at an exceptionally low level during this period.

TL;DR: In this paper, different geomagnetic activity indices were used to reconstruct the near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind flow speed, as well as the open solar flux (OSF) from 1845 to the present day.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relation of this geoeffective IMF component to the IMF in the Geocentric Solar Ecliptic (GSE) frame and, using the almost continuous interplanetary data for 1996-2015 (inclusive), they show that large geomagnetic storms are always associated with strong southward, out-of-ecliptical field in the GSE frame: dipole tilt effects, that cause the difference between the southward field in GSM and GSE frames, generally make only a minor contribution to these strongest

TL;DR: In this paper, the response of lightning rates over Europe to arrival of high speed solar wind streams at Earth is investigated using a superposed epoch analysis, which is consistent with the high speed stream's source being co-located with an active region appearing on the Eastern solar limb and rotating at the 27 d period of the Sun.