다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Each cell of a battery stores electrical energy as chemical energy in two electrodes, a reductant (anode) and an oxidant (cathode), separated by an electrolyte that transfers the ionic component of the chemical reaction inside the cell and forces the electronic component outside the battery. The output on discharge is an external electronic current I at a voltage V for a time Δt. The chemical reaction of a rechargeable battery must be reversible on the application of a charging I and V. Critical parameters of a rechargeable battery are safety, density of energy that can be stored at a specific power input and retrieved at a specific power output, cycle and shelf life, storage efficiency, and cost of fabrication. Conventional ambient-temperature rechargeable batteries have solid electrodes and a liquid electrolyte. The positive electrode (cathode) consists of a host framework into which the mobile (working) cation is inserted reversibly over a finite solid–solution range. The solid–solution range, which is...

The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective.

Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power sources that can lead us to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. The development of new materials for Li-ion batteries is the focus of research in prominent groups in the field of materials science throughout the world. Li-ion batteries can be considered to be the most impressive success story of modern electrochemistry in the last two decades. They power most of today's portable devices, and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale for more demanding applications, such as EV. Since this field is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is important to provide current and timely updates of this constantly changing technology. In this review, we describe the key aspects of Li-ion batteries: the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solutions, as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use, such as EV and load-leveling applications.

Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

Li-ion battery materials: present and future

We document the fabrication and investigations of a novel photodetector based on a WS2 quantum dots and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (WS2-QDs/RGO) heterostructure The proposed photodetector is sim

WS2 Quantum Dots on e-Textile as a Wearable UV Photodetector: How Well Reduced Graphene Oxide Can Serve as a Carrier Transport Medium?

V2O5 is one of the best material for many applications. Progress is currently made to improve its performance for use as a sensor, or an electrode, or smart window, electrochromic device, supercapacitor, photovoltaic applications among others. In this work, we review the progress that has been done these recent years, in relation to the mode of preparation of the V2O5 films. The results outline the complex relationship between the synthesis and the properties, which should serve as a guide for further research on the dependence of the best synthesis process on the type of application that is targeted.

V 2 O 5 thin films for energy storage and conversion

The double layer CdS/MoO 3 devices were deposited on Pyrex glass substrates by sequential evaporation of CdS and nano-structured molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) films using thermal and activated-reactive evaporation, respectively. The morphology and particle sizes of CdS and MoO 3 were determined by atomic force microscopy. The photochromic properties of the CdS/MoO 3 double layer were studied in the spectral range 300–1500 nm by illuminating them with the polychromatic light emitted by a tungsten lamp at various irradiation durations. The photochromic behaviour is observed to be more effective for generating colour centres in the In:CdS/MoO 3 double layer system.

Photochromic properties of double layer cds/moo3 nano-structured films

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) were investigated as recently as in the seventies. However, they have been overshadowed for decades, due to the success of lithium-ion batteries that demonstrated higher energy densities and longer cycle lives. Since then, the witness a re-emergence of the SIBs and renewed interest evidenced by an exponential increase of the publications devoted to them (about 9000 publications in 2019, more than 6000 in the first six months this year). This huge effort in research has led and is leading to an important and constant progress in the performance of the SIBs, which have conquered an industrial market and are now commercialized. This progress concerns all the elements of the batteries. We have already recently reviewed the salts and electrolytes, including solid electrolytes to build all-solid-state SIBs. The present review is then devoted to the electrode materials. For anodes, they include carbons, metal chalcogenide-based materials, intercalation-based and conversion reaction compounds (transition metal oxides and sulfides), intermetallic compounds serving as functional alloying elements. For cathodes, layered oxide materials, polyionic compounds, sulfates, pyrophosphates and Prussian blue analogs are reviewed. The electrode structuring is also discussed, as it impacts, importantly, the electrochemical performance. Attention is focused on the progress made in the last five years to report the state-of-the-art in the performance of the SIBs and justify the efforts of research.

State-of-the-Art Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Solid state ionics materials have been extensively developed during the last 10 years and theory and applications of solid electrolytes as well as insertion compounds have begun to converge into a coherent field. The solid state ionics technology is the result of progress in two categories of materials: superionic conductors and insertion compounds. A considerable effort has been undertaken these last few years to increase knowledge of these materials, and the most recent advances in this field are discussed with the related devices. This development has found applications in the domain of electrochemical devices, such as batteries, fuel cells, sensors and electrochemical measuring systems. This literature survey deals with applications of solid state ionics, including different groups of materials. The performance of these devices is discussed and foreseeable applications with the pertinent properties of the constituting materials are described. An overview of thin film technologies and microbatteries is also given.

Christian M. Julien

Papers

WS2 Quantum Dots on e-Textile as a Wearable UV Photodetector: How Well Reduced Graphene Oxide Can Serve as a Carrier Transport Medium?

V 2 O 5 thin films for energy storage and conversion

Photochromic properties of double layer cds/moo3 nano-structured films

State-of-the-Art Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Technological applications of solid state ionics