Christoph Olczak

TL;DR: In this article, the relative velocities between two particles are described by a probability distribution function that models both deterministic motion (from the vertical settling, radial drift, and azimuthal drift) and stochastic motion ( from Brownian motion and turbulence).

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative velocities between two particles are described by a probability distribution function that models both deterministic motion and stochastic motion, and it is shown that the proper implementation of a velocity distribution function overcomes the bouncing barrier and, in combination with mass transfer in high-mass-ratio collisions, boosts the growth of larger particles beyond the fragmentation barrier.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of N-body simulation and Monte-Carlo method is used to study the efficiency of the transformation of late-type galaxies by tidal interactions on different orbits in a galaxy cluster.

TL;DR: Stolte et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the circumstellar disc fraction as determined from L-band excess observations of the young, massive Arches and Quintuplet clusters residing in the central molecular zone of the Milky Way.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the circumstellar disc fraction as determined from L-band excess observations of the young, massive Arches and Quintuplet clusters residing in the central molecular zone of the Milky Way.