다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

The lithium metal battery is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy-density energy storage devices in our modern and technology-based society. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth induces poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, dragging lithium metal batteries out of practical applications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth. First, the working principles and technical challenges of a lithium metal anode are underscored. Specific attention is paid to the mechanistic understandings and quantitative models for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, lithium dendrite nucleation, and growth. On the basis of previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth of lithium metal anode and some other metal anodes are reviewed. A section dedicated to the potential of full-cell lithium metal batteries for practical applicatio...

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.

30 Years of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A co-doped carbon material, methods of making such materials, and electrochemical cells and devices comprising such materials are provided. The co-doped carbon material comprises a mesoporous carbon material doped with nitrogen and phoshporous (NPMC). The present NPMC exhibit catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and may be useful as an electrode in an electrochemical cell and particularly as part of a battery. The present NPMC materials may be used as electrodes in primary zinc-air batteries and in rechargeable zinc-air batteries and many other energy systems.

/pdf/metal-free-bifunctional-electrocatalyst-for-oxygen-reduction-b80i7i2xek.pdf

Metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Recent advances in all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries

The composition and microstructure of cathode materials has a large impact on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Rational design of materials composition through controlled oxygen nonstoichiometry and defect aspects can enhance the ionic and electronic conductivities as well as the catalytic properties for oxygen reduction in the cathode. Cell performance can be further improved through microstructure optimization to extend the triple-phase boundaries. A major degradation mechanism in SOFCs is poisoning of the cathode by chromium species when chromium-containing alloys are used as the interconnect material. This article reviews recent developments in SOFC cathodes with a principal emphasis on the choice of materials. In addition, the reaction mechanism of oxygen reduction is also addressed. The development of Cr-tolerant cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, and a possible mechanism of Cr deposition at cathodes are briefly reviewed as well. Finally, this review will be concluded with some perspectives on the future of research directions in this area.

/pdf/cathode-materials-for-solid-oxide-fuel-cells-a-review-4bog9hmhl1.pdf

Cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells: a review

The controllable synthesis of nanostructured CeO2-based materials is an imperative issue for environment- and energy-related applications. In this review, we present the recent technological and theoretical advances related to the CeO2-based nanomaterials, with a focus on the synthesis from one dimensional to mesoporous ceria as well as the properties from defect chemistry to nano-size effects. Seven extensively studied aspects regarding the applications of nanostructured ceria-based materials are selectively surveyed as well. New experimental approaches have been demonstrated with an atomic scale resolution characterization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide insight into the rational design of highly reactive catalysts and understanding of the interactions between the noble metal and ceria support. Achieving desired morphologies with designed crystal facets and oxygen vacancy clusters in ceria via controlled synthesis process is quite important for highly active catalysts. Finally, remarks on the challenges and perspectives on this exciting field are proposed.

Nanostructured ceria-based materials: synthesis, properties, and applications

A novel solvothermal approach combined with high-temperature calcinations was developed to synthesize on a large scale LiFePO(4) microspheres consisting of nanoplates or nanoparticles with an open three-dimensional (3D) porous microstructure. These micro/nanostructured LiFePO(4) microspheres have a high tap density and, as electrodes, show excellent rate capability and cycle stability.

Monodisperse porous LiFePO4 microspheres for a high power Li-ion battery cathode.

https://www.engr.uvic.ca/~ndjilali/MECH549/Sun_Stimming_JPS2007.pdf

Chunwen Sun

Papers

Recent advances in all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries

Cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells: a review

Nanostructured ceria-based materials: synthesis, properties, and applications

Monodisperse porous LiFePO4 microspheres for a high power Li-ion battery cathode.

Recent anode advances in solid oxide fuel cells