[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today's challenges

Even though heterogeneous photocatalysis appeared in many forms, photodegradation of organic pollutants has recently been the most widely investigated. By far, titania has played a much larger role in this scenario compared to other semiconductor photocatalysts due to its cost effectiveness, inert nature and photostability. Extensive literature analysis has shown many possibilities of improving the efficiency of photodecomposition over titania by combining the photoprocess with either physical or chemical operations. The resulting combined processes revealed a flexible line of action for wastewater treatment technologies. The choice of treatment method usually depends upon the composition of the wastewater. However, a lot more is needed from engineering design and modelling for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to large-scale operation. The present review paper seeks to offer an overview of the dramatic trend in the use of the TiO 2 photocatalyst for remediation and decontamination of wastewater, report the recent work done, important achievements and problems.

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Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide : A review of fundamentals, progress and problems

Membranes have an increasingly important role in alleviating water scarcity and the pollution of aquatic environments. Promising molecular-level design approaches are reviewed for membrane materials, focusing on how these materials address the urgent requirements of water treatment applications.

Materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes

A non-laminated graphene oxide membrane crosslinked by polyethyleneimine was prepared via a one-step sol–gel process. In the as-prepared membrane, the GO nanosheets remain disordered as in the sol state to form a randomly arranged GO self-assembled structure, which results in a much higher flux compared with the general laminated GO membrane prepared via vacuum filtration or spin coating because of the lower flow resistance. Furthermore, this random self-assembly of GO nanosheets gives rise to a hierarchical micro/nanoscale rough structure on the membrane surface. Along with the crosslinking reaction, PEI was grafted onto the GO nanosheets to make them hydrophilic. Combining the hydrophilic surface chemistry with the micro/nanoscale hierarchical surface structure, the non-laminated GO membrane exhibited the desired superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. We have tested the membrane to separate a series of surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. A high separation efficiency (>99%) and flux were achieved using only gravity without any extra power, much larger than commercial filtration membranes with similar permeation properties. Moreover, the membrane shows an outstanding antifouling performance for oil droplets and can be recycled easily for long-term use.

Sol–gel fabrication of a non-laminated graphene oxide membrane for oil/water separation

Kevlar aramid nanofibers (KANFs), a nanoscale version of poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), are a fascinating class of one-dimensional organic nanomaterials with a combination of electrical conductivity, flexibility, mechanical robustness, physical stability and resistance to solvents. The interest in Kevlar aramid nanofibers with high mechanical strength is mainly due to the effectiveness of the interactions between nanofibers and matrices. They have been widely used as high-performance composites. In sharp contrast to other nanomaterials, due to their intrinsically ordered and asymmetric alternating nanostructure of molecular chains and abundant intermolecular hydrogen bonds, KANFs have received much attention in diverse fields including membrane separation technology. In recent years, research studies appeared ranging from synthesis strategies to separation application of KANF-based membranes. This review analyses and summarizes the synthesis and applications of KANF-based membranes in different processes, such as nanofiltration membranes, mixed matrix membranes, ion exchange membranes and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Particular attention is paid to the tunable structure, chemical/physical stability, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and chemical reaction required in order to develop suitable KANF-based composite materials for membrane fabrication. In addition, approaches to fabricate KANF-based membranes, such as blending, grafting, amide reaction, network interpenetrating, interfacial polymerization and gel-confined conversion, are highlighted. Based on this, the application of KANF-based membranes in water treatment (including oil/water separation, water purification and desalination, emulsion separation, and dye wastewater separation), organic solvent treatment, ion separation, separation of battery and proton exchange membrane fuel cells is discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of KANF-based membranes are summarized; on this basis, the challenges and future opportunities in this field are defined. This tutorial review provides an overview of the promising potential applications of Kevlar aramid nanofibers in membrane science.

The potential of Kevlar aramid nanofiber composite membranes

Thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with improved acid stability and chlorine resistance by coating N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide copolymers

Congjie Gao

Papers

Sol–gel fabrication of a non-laminated graphene oxide membrane for oil/water separation

The potential of Kevlar aramid nanofiber composite membranes

Thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with improved acid stability and chlorine resistance by coating N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide copolymers

Photocatalytic degradation of dimethoate using nanosized TiO2 powder

Antimicrobial polysulfone blended ultrafiltration membranes prepared with Ag/Cu2O hybrid nanowires