This book presents the separation-of-variables and T-matrix methods of calculating the scattering of electromagnetic waves by particles. Analytical details and computer programs are provided for determining the scattering and absorption characteristics of the finite-thickness slab, infinite circular cylinder (normal incidence), general axisymmetric particle, and sphere.The computer programs are designed to generate data that is easy to graph and visualize, and test cases in the book illustrate the capabilities of the programs. The connection between the theory and the computer programs is reinforced by references in the computer programs to equations in the text. This cross-referencing will help the reader understand the computer programs, and, if necessary, modify them for other purposes.

Light scattering by particles: Computational methods

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.358

Current status, challenges, and policy suggestions for coalbed methane industry development in China: A review

The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement. Urgent action is required to bring methane back to a pathway more in line with the Paris goals. Emission reduction from “tractable” (easier to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as the fossil fuel industries and landfills is being much facilitated by technical advances in the past decade, which have radically improved our ability to locate, identify, quantify, and reduce emissions. Measures to reduce emissions from “intractable” (harder to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as agriculture and biomass burning have received less attention and are also becoming more feasible, including removal from elevated-methane ambient air near to sources. The wider effort to use microbiological and dietary intervention to reduce emissions from cattle (and humans) is not addressed in detail in this essentially geophysical review. Though they cannot replace the need to reach “net-zero” emissions of CO2, significant reductions in the methane burden will ease the timescales needed to reach required CO2 reduction targets for any particular future temperature limit. There is no single magic bullet, but implementation of a wide array of mitigation and emission reduction strategies could substantially cut the global methane burden, at a cost that is relatively low compared to the parallel and necessary measures to reduce CO2, and thereby reduce the atmospheric methane burden back toward pathways consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019RG000675

Methane Mitigation: Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement

A series of Pd/Co 3 O 4 catalysts with increasing palladium loading in the range of 0.5–5 wt.% was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of Co 3 O 4 . Solution combustion synthesis with urea as a fuel was used to optimize the Co 3 O 4 reactive support for palladium in the combustion of methane in lean conditions. The obtained catalysts were thoroughly examined by XRD, XPS, XRF, RS, FESEM, H 2 -TPR, TGA, and N 2 -BET techniques. The catalytic tests of CH 4 combustion were performed for 0.5, 1, and 2 vol.% CH 4 , with constant lambda value. The obtained results revealed that a sub-stoichiometric fuel-to-oxidizer ratio, 0.75, results in the most catalytically active Co 3 O 4 phase. The important differences in the catalysts’ activity were apparent for the highest CH 4 concentration, with the 3% Pd/Co 3 O 4 being the most active catalyst. The observed activity was explained considering the physicochemical, spectroscopic, and microscopic characterization of the catalysts with the PdO nanocrystals surface distribution being the determining factor for the catalysts’ reactivity. A simple model accounting for the observed dispersion effect is proposed. The model is based on a two types of the interaction of the surface PdO active phase with the Co 3 O 4 support. Firstly, cobalt oxide helps to remove hydroxyl species from the PdO surface, thus making the active sites more available for methane activation. Secondly, cobalt spinel provides lattice oxygen to the PdO phase, again helping to recreate active sites thereon.

Optimization of Pd catalysts supported on Co3O4 for low-temperature lean combustion of residual methane

Engineering an effective MnO2 catalyst from LaMnO3 for catalytic methane combustion

The combustion mitigation of methane as a non-CO2 greenhouse gas

Capturing energy from ventilation air methane a preliminary design for a new approach

Numerical investigation of the burning characteristics of ventilation air methane in a combustion based mitigation system

Crocidolite asbestos fibers suspended in light mineral oil were aligned by means of an electrostatic field of 1500 V / cm. The maximum fiber concentration was ∼8 μg / mL. The light scattered by the suspended fibers, with the incident laser beam normal to the fiber axis, was recorded by two probes: one rotating about the fiber axis and another rotating about the incident beam near the forward direction, i.e., 17.5° from the incident beam. The Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory was utilized in order to determine the modal diameter and modal aspect ratio of assumed logarithmic normal distribution functions in both the fiber diameter and the fiber aspect ratio. Multiple scattering effects were assumed to be negligible.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02786829208959570

D.L. Cluff

Papers

The combustion mitigation of methane as a non-CO2 greenhouse gas

Capturing energy from ventilation air methane a preliminary design for a new approach

Numerical investigation of the burning characteristics of ventilation air methane in a combustion based mitigation system

Size Characterization of Asbestos Fibers by Means of Electrostatic Alignment and Light-Scattering Techniques

Measurements of the Gamma-Ray Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory