Daniel L. Marks

TL;DR: A brief history of OCT development is presented, current clinical applications are reviewed, some clinical translation challenges are discussed, and laboratory developments poised for future clinical application are reviewed.

Abstract: State-of-the-art methods in high-resolution three-dimensional optical microscopy require that the focus be scanned through the entire region of interest. However, an analysis of the physics of the light–sample interaction reveals that the Fourier-space coverage is independent of depth. Here we show that, by solving the inverse scattering problem for interference microscopy, computed reconstruction yields volumes with a resolution in all planes that is equivalent to the resolution achieved only at the focal plane for conventional high-resolution microscopy. In short, the entire illuminated volume has spatially invariant resolution, thus eliminating the compromise between resolution and depth of field. We describe and demonstrate a novel computational image-formation technique called interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM). ISAM has the potential to broadly impact real-time three-dimensional microscopy and analysis in the fields of cell and tumour biology, as well as in clinical diagnosis where in vivo imaging is preferable to biopsy.

TL;DR: Previous theoretical results suggesting that lens speed and field of view can be scale independent in microcamera-based imagers resolving up to 50 gigapixels are confirmed, suggesting that Ubiquitous gigapixel cameras may transform the central challenge of photography from the question of where to point the camera to that of how to mine the data.

TL;DR: The results illustrate the potential of OCT for a wide range of basic research studies and for intra-operative image-guidance to identify foci of tumor cells within surgical margins during the surgical treatment of breast cancer.

TL;DR: A novel class of optical contrast agent is introduced, namely, encapsulating microspheres that are based not on fluorescence but on scattering nanoparticles within the shell or core, that are suitable for reflection- or scattering-based techniques such as optical coherence tomography, light microscopy, and reflectance confocal microscopy.