Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents—A critical review

and Fuels Changzhi Li,† Xiaochen Zhao,† Aiqin Wang,† George W. Huber,†,‡ and Tao Zhang*,† †State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM-48, HMS, SBA-15, MCF, and MSU-X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft-carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One-dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template.

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials

Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review

A review of the production of activated carbons from agricultural residues is presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage are reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties are discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m 2 /g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm 3 /g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from agricultural residues with those issued from tires, and commercial carbons, have been made. A review is carried out of the reaction kinetic modelling, applied to pyrolysis of agricultural wastes and activation of their pyrolytic char.

Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—A review

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/46586.pdf

Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis to Transportation Fuels

Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways

http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/skoge/prost/proceedings/aiche-2004/pdffiles/papers/475e.pdf

Preparation of activated carbon from forest and agricultural residues through CO2 activation

This study utilizes a pilot-scale pyrolysis system to determine the enthalpy for pyrolysis for Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Western White Pine (Pinus monticola), corn stover, and oat hulls. The analytical method uses an energy balance on a pyrolytic reactor. The energy required is measured at a fast pyrolysis reactor temperature near 500 °C using nitrogen as an inert fluidizing agent in a fluidized bed reactor. On a dry basis, the energy necessary to pyrolyze these fuels varies between 0.8 ± 0.2 MJ/kg for oat hulls and 1.6 ± 0.3 MJ/kg for pine.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=me_pubs

Daren E. Daugaard

Papers

Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis to Transportation Fuels

Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways

Preparation of activated carbon from forest and agricultural residues through CO2 activation

Enthalpy for Pyrolysis for Several Types of Biomass

Steam activation of chars produced from oat hulls and corn stover