Artificial Receptors for the Recognition of Phosphorylated Molecules Amanda E. Hargrove, Sonia Nieto, Tianzhi Zhang, Jonathan L. Sessler,* and Eric V. Anslyn* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Henkel Corporation, Rocky Hill, Connecticut 06067 Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Korea

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Artificial receptors for the recognition of phosphorylated molecules

As a newly emerging kind of porous material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have drawn much attention because of their fascinating structural features (e.g., divinable structure, adjustable porosity and total organic backbone). Since the seminal work of Yaghi and co-workers reported in 2005, the COF materials have shown superior potential in diverse applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, optoelectronics, catalysis, etc. Recently, COF materials have shown a new trend in sensing fields. This critical review briefly describes the synthesis routes for COF powders and thin films. What's more, the most fascinating and significant applications of COFs in sensing fields including explosive sensing, humidity sensing, pH detection, biosensing, gas sensing, metal ion sensing, and other substance sensing are summarized and highlighted. Finally, the major challenges and future trends of COFs with respect to their preparation and sensing applications are discussed.

Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a smart sensing material.

Summary Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability, excellent structural regularity, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making them promising materials for capturing various types of pollutants from aqueous solutions. This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions, radionuclides, and organic pollutants. Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COF-based materials are summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic standpoints, including batch experiments, theoretical calculations, and advanced spectroscopy analysis. The adsorption properties of various COF-based materials are assessed and compared with other widely used adsorbents. Several commonly used strategies to enhance COF-based materials’ adsorption performance and the relationship between structural property and sorption ability are also discussed. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of COFs and COF-based materials are proposed to provide some inspiring information on designing and fabricating COFs and COF-based materials for environmental pollution management.

Orderly Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks-based Materials: Superior Adsorbents for Pollutants Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended two- and three-dimensional polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores. This polymer architecture is unique as it enables predesigning both primary- and high-order structures, greatly enhancing our capabilities of designing organic materials to produce predictable structures and to achieve unique properties and functions. Progress over the past 15 years in the design, synthesis and functional exploration of COFs has successively established the basis of the COF field and COFs have shown the great potential of chemistry in developing a class of amazing organic materials. In this review, we focus on analysing the historic developments of COFs to uncover a full materials and application picture by providing comprehensive yet clear guidance for molecular design, synthetic control and functional exploration. We scrutinise the structural components of COFs including building blocks, reactive sites and functional groups with the aim of finding the origins of structural designability and diversity, as well as multiple functionalities. We disclose strategies for designing and synthesising frameworks to construct various tailor-made interfaces, and for exploring skeletons and pores to design properties and functions. With well-defined skeletons, pores and interfaces that offer a chemical basis to trigger and control interactions with photons, excitons, phonons, polarons, electrons, holes, spins, ions and molecules, we illustrate the current status of our understandings of structure-property correlations, and unveil the principles for establishing a regime to design unique functions that originate from and are inherent to structures. We predict the key central issues in design and synthesis, the challenges in functional design and the future directions from the perspectives of chemistry, physics and materials science.

Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications

Thiacalixarenes, a subclass of "third generation" calixarenes, exhibit many interesting features such as enlarged ring size, facile chemical modification, and metal complexation due to the presence of bridging sulfur atoms. The thiacalixarene scaffold is a unique host with vast possibilities for functionalization not only at the upper and lower rim but also at the bridging sulfide groups. Modified thiacalixarenes have been used for many applications such as the detection and separation of biologically important cations, anions, and bio-analytes, mimicking molecular logic gates and devices, and synthesis of self-assembled coordination cages, multinuclear complexes, magnetic materials and luminescent materials. This review article summarizes recent developments in the derivatization methods of thiacalixarenes and their utilization in various applications.

Recent developments of thiacalixarene based molecular motifs

Rapid microwave synthesis of dioxin-linked covalent organic framework for efficient micro-extraction of perfluorinated alkyl substances from water

Amino-modified covalent organic framework as solid phase extraction absorbent for determination of carboxylic acid pesticides in environmental water samples

A novel ferrocene-based thiacalix[4]arene ditopic receptor for electrochemical sensing of europium(III) and dihydrogen phosphate ions

A carboxy-functionalized covalent organic framework COOH@COF for efficient removal of Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions from water has been prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C NMR s...

Preparation of Carboxy-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Removal of Hg2+ and Pb2+ from Water

Far-red to near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with absorption and emission in the spectral region of 600–900 nm are of high interest because of their low autofluorescence interference, deep-tissue penetration, and minimal photodamage to biological samples. In recent years, the Si-substituted xanthenes have attracted considerable attention owing to their remarkable far-red to NIR photophysical properties and biocompatible characteristics. This paper reviews the synthetic methods of silicon-substituted xanthene dyes and the progress in the development of far-red to NIR fluorescent probes based on these dyes, and introduces representative chemosensors along with their fluorescent behavior toward specific analytes. The fluorescent probes in sensing various biological species, including metal ions and anions, intracellular pH changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as enzymes and other related species, were summarized. The sensing mechanisms and applications of corresponding sensors are also discussed.

Dian-Shun Guo

Papers

Rapid microwave synthesis of dioxin-linked covalent organic framework for efficient micro-extraction of perfluorinated alkyl substances from water

Amino-modified covalent organic framework as solid phase extraction absorbent for determination of carboxylic acid pesticides in environmental water samples

A novel ferrocene-based thiacalix[4]arene ditopic receptor for electrochemical sensing of europium(III) and dihydrogen phosphate ions

Preparation of Carboxy-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Removal of Hg2+ and Pb2+ from Water

Far-red to near-infrared fluorescent probes based on silicon-substituted xanthene dyes for sensing and imaging