Donald T. Stewart

TL;DR: This review surveys recent advances in the understanding of DUI, which is a peculiar system of cytoplasmic DNA inheritance that involves distinct maternal and paternal routes of mtDNA transmission, a novel extension of a mitochondrial gene (cox2), recombination, and periodic 'role-reversals' of the normally male and female-transmitted mitochondrial genomes.

TL;DR: Nosema ceranae is an emerging microsporidian parasite of European honey bees, Apis mellifera, but its distribution is not well known; its virulence may differ from that of other haplotypes.

TL;DR: The basal nature of the Unionoida within the autolamellibranch bivalve bivalves and the previously hypothesized single origin of DUI suggest that DUI arose in the ancestral autlamelliberation bivalving lineage and was subsequently lost in multiple descendant lineages and the mitochondrial genome characteristics observed in unionoids could more closely resemble the DUI ancestral condition.

TL;DR: It is shown that mtDNA intraorganismal heteroplasmy can have deterministic underpinnings and persist for hundreds of millions of years and support the hypothesis that proteins coded by the highly divergent maternally and paternally transmitted mt genomes could be directly involved in sex determination in freshwater mussels.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented for the presence of distinct male (M) and female (F) mitotypes in three other bivalve species, the mytilid Geukensia demissa, and the unionid species P. fragilis and Fusconaia flava, suggesting three independent origins of M and F mitotypes for the six species examined.