Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are fundamentally different from two-component reactions in several aspects. Among the MCRs, those with isocyanides have developed into popular organic-chemical reactions in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of compound libraries of low-molecular druglike compounds. With a small set of starting materials, very large libraries can be built up within a short time, which can then be used for research on medicinal substances. Due to the intensive research of the last few years, many new backbone types have become accessible. MCRs are also increasingly being employed in the total synthesis of natural products. MCRs and especially MCRs with isocyanides offer many opportunities to attain new reactions and basic structures. However, this requires that the chemist learns the “language” of MCRs, something that this review wishes to stimulate.

Multicomponent Reactions with Isocyanides.

N-Heterocyclic carbenes have become universal ligands in organometallic and inorganic coordination chemistry. They not only bind to any transition metal, be it in low or high oxidation states, but also to main group elements such as beryllium, sulfur, and iodine. Because of their specific coordination chemistry, N-heterocyclic carbenes both stabilize and activate metal centers in quite different key catalytic steps of organic syntheses, for example, C-H activation, C-C, C-H, C-O, and C-N bond formation. There is now ample evidence that in the new generation of organometallic catalysts the established ligand class of organophosphanes will be supplemented and, in part, replaced by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Over the past few years, this chemistry has been the field of vivid scientific competition, and yielded previously unexpected successes in key areas of homogeneous catalysis. From the work in numerous academic laboratories and in industry, a revolutionary turning point in oraganometallic catalysis is emerging.

http://aether.cmi.ua.ac.be/artikels/Artikels%20Gitte/Artikels/Reviews/NHC-%20liganden%20Herrmann.pdf

N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new concept in organometallic catalysis.

(Cyanocyclopentadienyl)potassium and -cesium have been synthesized and subsequently characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in solution as well as by 133Cs NMR spectroscopy in solution and the solid-state. Both salts crystallize in zigzag chains which are crosslinked differently through the cyano substituents. There is significant distortion of the cyanocyclopentadienide ion toward a fulvalene-like structure because the alkali-metal ions do not only interact with the five-membered ring but also with the cyano groups. The 133Cs NMR spectra reflect the bending of the [CpCsCp]– fragments of the chains. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)

(Cyanocyclopentadienyl)potassium and ‐cesium

Tricks of the trade: Because intramolecular Cu-catalyzed access to bicyclo[4.2.0]octanes is not feasible, an oxygen bridge was introduced to facilitate the [2+2] photocycloaddition. Starting from compounds similar to 1, products such as 2 could be obtained enantioselectiviely in three steps after ring-opening metathesis (see scheme).

Enantioselective access to bicyclo[4.2.0]octanes by a sequence of [2+2] photocycloaddition/reduction/fragmentation.

Catalytic desulfurization reactions using triple bond dimolybdenum and ditungsten organometallic complexes

Four heterocyclic scaffolds based on a four component Ugi reaction of α-amino acids, oxo components, isocyanides and primary or secondary amines suitably functionalized are described.

Various Cyclization Scaffolds by a Truly Ugi 4‐CR.

The thermal behavior of epoxy resins used for electronic materials as laminates and moulding compounds bearing phosphonate substructures as new fire retardants was investigated at 400, 600, and 800 8C. While the phosphorus species are converted at higher temperatures to P4O10, at lower temperatures a transesterification reaction occurs that results in the formation of a cyclic phosphonic ester 1 and homologues. Independent synthesis of 1 allowed the final elucidation of its molecular structure, and its spectroscopic, structural, and toxicological features.

Isolation, Characterization, and Toxicological Aspects of Volatile Organophosphorus Compounds from the Combustion of Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Resins with Phosphonate Substructures

Eberhardt Herdtweck

Papers

(Cyanocyclopentadienyl)potassium and ‐cesium

Enantioselective access to bicyclo[4.2.0]octanes by a sequence of [2+2] photocycloaddition/reduction/fragmentation.

Catalytic desulfurization reactions using triple bond dimolybdenum and ditungsten organometallic complexes

Various Cyclization Scaffolds by a Truly Ugi 4‐CR.

Isolation, Characterization, and Toxicological Aspects of Volatile Organophosphorus Compounds from the Combustion of Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Resins with Phosphonate Substructures