Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are fundamentally different from two-component reactions in several aspects. Among the MCRs, those with isocyanides have developed into popular organic-chemical reactions in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of compound libraries of low-molecular druglike compounds. With a small set of starting materials, very large libraries can be built up within a short time, which can then be used for research on medicinal substances. Due to the intensive research of the last few years, many new backbone types have become accessible. MCRs are also increasingly being employed in the total synthesis of natural products. MCRs and especially MCRs with isocyanides offer many opportunities to attain new reactions and basic structures. However, this requires that the chemist learns the “language” of MCRs, something that this review wishes to stimulate.

Multicomponent Reactions with Isocyanides.

N-Heterocyclic carbenes have become universal ligands in organometallic and inorganic coordination chemistry. They not only bind to any transition metal, be it in low or high oxidation states, but also to main group elements such as beryllium, sulfur, and iodine. Because of their specific coordination chemistry, N-heterocyclic carbenes both stabilize and activate metal centers in quite different key catalytic steps of organic syntheses, for example, C-H activation, C-C, C-H, C-O, and C-N bond formation. There is now ample evidence that in the new generation of organometallic catalysts the established ligand class of organophosphanes will be supplemented and, in part, replaced by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Over the past few years, this chemistry has been the field of vivid scientific competition, and yielded previously unexpected successes in key areas of homogeneous catalysis. From the work in numerous academic laboratories and in industry, a revolutionary turning point in oraganometallic catalysis is emerging.

http://aether.cmi.ua.ac.be/artikels/Artikels%20Gitte/Artikels/Reviews/NHC-%20liganden%20Herrmann.pdf

N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new concept in organometallic catalysis.

Using this method a number of biologically interesting tetra- and pentacyclic ring systems can be prepared in good yields.

Polycyclic Compounds by Ugi—Pictet—Spengler Sequence.

Cyclic Metal(IV) Amides.

Synthesis of Chiral 1,1′-Iminodicarboxylic Acid Derivatives from . alpha.-Amino Acids, Aldehydes, Isocyanides, and Alcohols by the Diastereoselective Five-Center-Four-Component Reaction.

Under optimized conditions, the method provides iminodicarboxamides in low to moderate yields.

Efficient Assembly of Iminodicarboxamides by a “Truly” Four‐Component Reaction.

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Part 32. A Defined N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex for the Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides at Ambient Temperatures.

Eberhardt Herdtweck

Papers

Polycyclic Compounds by Ugi—Pictet—Spengler Sequence.

Cyclic Metal(IV) Amides.

Synthesis of Chiral 1,1′-Iminodicarboxylic Acid Derivatives from . alpha.-Amino Acids, Aldehydes, Isocyanides, and Alcohols by the Diastereoselective Five-Center-Four-Component Reaction.

Efficient Assembly of Iminodicarboxamides by a “Truly” Four‐Component Reaction.

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Part 32. A Defined N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex for the Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides at Ambient Temperatures.