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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

There is considerable pressure to define the key requirements of 5G, develop 5G standards, and perform technology trials as quickly as possible. Normally, these activities are best done in series but there is a desire to complete these tasks in parallel so that commercial deployments of 5G can begin by 2020. 5G will not be an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it aims to be a revolutionary leap forward in terms of data rates, latency, massive connectivity, network reliability, and energy efficiency. These capabilities are targeted at realizing high-speed connectivity, the Internet of Things, augmented virtual reality, the tactile internet, and so on. The requirements of 5G are expected to be met by new spectrum in the microwave bands (3.3-4.2 GHz), and utilizing large bandwidths available in mm-wave bands, increasing spatial degrees of freedom via large antenna arrays and 3-D MIMO, network densification, and new waveforms that provide scalability and flexibility to meet the varying demands of 5G services. Unlike the one size fits all 4G core networks, the 5G core network must be flexible and adaptable and is expected to simultaneously provide optimized support for the diverse 5G use case categories. In this paper, we provide an overview of 5G research, standardization trials, and deployment challenges. Due to the enormous scope of 5G systems, it is necessary to provide some direction in a tutorial article, and in this overview, the focus is largely user centric, rather than device centric. In addition to surveying the state of play in the area, we identify leading technologies, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and outline the key challenges ahead, with research test beds delivering promising performance but pre-commercial trials lagging behind the desired 5G targets.

5G : A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice

What is index modulation (IM)? This is an interesting question that we have started to hear more and more frequently over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to answer this question in a comprehensive manner by covering not only the basic principles and emerging variants of IM, but also reviewing the most recent as well as promising advances in this field toward the application scenarios foreseen in next-generation wireless networks. More specifically, we investigate three forms of IM: spatial modulation, channel modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with IM, which consider the transmit antennas of a multiple-input multiple-output system, the radio frequency mirrors (parasitic elements) mounted at a transmit antenna and the subcarriers of an OFDM system for IM techniques, respectively. We present the up-to-date advances in these three promising frontiers and discuss possible future research directions for IM-based schemes toward low-complexity, spectrum- and energy-efficient next-generation wireless networks.

Index Modulation Techniques for Next-Generation Wireless Networks

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of Multicarrier CDMA Systems Channel Model Performance of MC-CDMA System Performance of Overlapping Multicarrier DS-CDMA Systems Performance of Multicarrier DS-CDMA-I Systems Performance of AMC DS-CDMA Systems Performance of SFH/MC DS-CDMA Systems Chapter Summary and Conclusion 
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Overview of Multicarrier CDMA

Spatial modulation (SM) is an innovative and promising digital modulation technology that strikes an appealing tradeoff between spectral efficiency and energy efficiency with a simple design philosophy. SM enjoys plenty of benefits and shows great potential to fulfill the requirements of future wireless communications. The key idea behind SM is to convey additional information typically through the ON/OFF states of transmit antennas and simultaneously save the implementation cost by reducing the number of radio-frequency chains. As a result, the SM concept can have widespread effects on diverse applications and can be applied in other signal domains, such as frequency/time/code/angle domain or even across multiple domains. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the latest results and progresses in SM research. Specifically, the fundamental principles, variants of system design, and enhancements of SM are described in detail. Furthermore, the integration of the SM family with other promising techniques, applications to emerging communication systems, and extensions to new signal domains are also extensively studied.

A Survey on Spatial Modulation in Emerging Wireless Systems: Research Progresses and Applications

Data rate and energy efficiency decrement caused by the transmission of reference and data carrier signals in equal portions constitute the major drawback of differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) systems. To overcome this dominant drawback, a short reference DCSK system (SR-DCSK) is proposed. In SR-DCSK, the number of chaotic samples that constitute the reference signal is shortened to $R$ such that it occupies less than half of the bit duration. To build the transmitted data signal, $P$ concatenated replicas of $R$ are used to spread the data. This operation increases data rate and enhances energy efficiency without imposing extra complexity onto the system structure. The receiver uses its knowledge of the integers $R$ and $P$ to recover the data. The proposed system is analytically studied and the enhanced data rate and bit energy saving percentages are computed. Furthermore, theoretical performance for AWGN and multipath fading channels are derived and validated via simulation. In addition, optimising the length of the reference signal $R$ is exposed to detailed discussion and analysis. Finally, the application of the proposed short reference technique to the majority of transmit reference systems such as DCSK, multicarrier DCSK, and quadratic chaos shift keying enhances the overall performance of this class of chaotic modulations and is, therefore, promising.

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Design of a Short Reference Noncoherent Chaos-Based Communication Systems

A new noncoherent scheme called Permutation Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying (PI-DCSK) modulation is proposed in this paper. This original design aims to enhance data security, energy and spectral efficiencies, compared to its rivals. In the proposed PI-DCSK scheme, each data frame is divided into two time slots in which the reference chaotic signal is sent in the first time slot and a permuted replica of the reference signal multiplied by the modulating bit is sent in the second time slot. In particular, the bit stream is divided at the transmitter into blocks of $n+1$ bits, where $n$ mapped bits are used to select one of the predefined reference sequence permutations, while a single modulated bit is spread by the permuted reference signal just mentioned. At the receiver side, the reference signal is recovered first, then all permuted versions of it are correlated with the data-bearing signal. The index of the correlator output with maximum magnitude will estimate the mapped bits, while the output content of the corresponding correlator is compared to a zero threshold to recover the modulated bit. Moreover, a new multiple access method based on the proposed scheme is described and analysed. Analytical expressions for the error performance in single-user and multiuser environments are derived for additive white Gaussian noiseand multipath Rayleigh fading channels, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed PI-DCSK system is analysed and compared with other noncoherent chaotic modulation schemes and is found to be promising.

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Permutation Index DCSK Modulation Technique for Secure Multiuser High-Data-Rate Communication Systems

One of the major drawbacks of the conventional differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) system is the addition of channel noise to both the reference signal and the data-bearing signal, which deteriorates its performance. In this brief, we propose a noise reduction DCSK system as a solution to reduce the noise variance present in the received signal in order to improve performance. For each transmitted bit, instead of generating $\beta$ different chaotic samples to be used as a reference sequence, $\beta/P$ chaotic samples are generated and then duplicated $P$ times in the signal. At the receiver, $P$ identical samples are averaged, and the resultant filtered signal is correlated to its time-delayed replica to recover the transmitted bit. This averaging operation of size $P$ reduces the noise variance and enhances the performance of the system. Theoretical bit error rate expressions for additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channels are analytically studied and derived. Computer simulation results are compared to relevant theoretical findings to validate the accuracy of the proposed system and to demonstrate the performance improvement compared to the conventional DCSK, the improved DCSK, and the differential-phase-shift-keying systems.

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NR-DCSK: A Noise Reduction Differential Chaos Shift Keying System

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of an improved differential chaos-shift keying (I-DCSK) system. Instead of sending reference and data carrier signals in two time slots as in the conventional DCSK scheme, in the improved design, a time-reversal operation is used to generate an orthogonal reference signal to the data carrier signal and then sum up these two sequences into one time slot, prior to transmission. This operation reduces the bit duration to half, which doubles data rate and enhances spectral efficiency. At the receiver, the received signal is correlated to its time-reversed replica and is summed over the bit duration. The new system design proposed in this brief replaces the delay circuit used in conventional DCSK systems by time-reversal operations. Moreover, the theoretical bit-error-rate expressions for additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channels are analytically studied and derived. The proposed I-DCSK system is compared with the conventional DCSK and quadrature chaos-shift keying schemes. Finally, to validate accuracy, simulation results are compared with relevant theoretical expressions.

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I-DCSK: An Improved Noncoherent Communication System Architecture

In this brief, a novel non-coherent modulation system called commutation code index differential chaos shift keying (CCI-DCSK) is presented. In the proposed scheme, the benefits of index modulation (IM) are exploited so that the system energy and spectral efficiencies are improved. We are putting forward a CCI-DCSK scheme in which the reference sequence along with its corresponding data bearing orthogonal version are sent within the same time slot to enhance spectral efficiency. Specifically, at the transmitter ${p}$ additional bits are mapped into the index of the repetition commutation, which is performed on the reference signal for the sake of forming its orthogonal version. Furthermore, the modulated bit is spread by the corresponding commutated replica of the reference signal. The reference and orthogonal data bearing signals are then summed within the same time slot prior to transmission. At the receiver, the received signal is first correlated with all possible combinations of the commutated replicas in order to find the index of the correlator output with the maximum magnitude. Subsequently, the maximizing index is then used to estimate the mapped bits, while the output of the corresponding correlator is used to despread the modulated bit via a zero-threshold comparator. To complete the study, analytical expressions for the bit error rate are derived for both additive white Gaussian noise and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Finally, performance results of the proposed CCI-DCSK scheme is compared with the state-of-the-art IM-based non-coherent chaotic modulations and is found to be superior and competitive.

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Ebrahim Soujeri

Papers

Design of a Short Reference Noncoherent Chaos-Based Communication Systems

Permutation Index DCSK Modulation Technique for Secure Multiuser High-Data-Rate Communication Systems

NR-DCSK: A Noise Reduction Differential Chaos Shift Keying System

I-DCSK: An Improved Noncoherent Communication System Architecture

Commutation Code Index DCSK Modulation Technique for High-Data-Rate Communication Systems