Ieee transactions on antennas and propagation

An efficient, low-loss, low sidelobe, high dynamic range phased-array radar antenna system is disclosed that uses metamaterials, which are manmade composite materials having a negative index of refraction, to create a biconcave lens architecture (instead of the aforementioned biconvex lens) for focusing the microwaves transmitted by the antenna. Accordingly, the sidelobes of the antenna are reduced. Attenuation across microstrip transmission lines may be reduced by using low loss transmission lines that are suspended above a ground plane a predetermined distance in a way such they are not in contact with a solid substrate. By suspending the microstrip transmission lines in this manner, dielectric signal loss is reduced significantly, thus resulting in a less-attenuated signal at its destination.

Phased array metamaterial antenna system

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Advanced Digital Signal Processing And Noise Reduction

Estimation theory with applications to communications and control

Detection of road boundaries and obstacles is essential for autonomous vehicle navigation. In this paper, we propose a road boundary and obstacle detection method using a downward-looking light detection and ranging sensor. This method extracts line segments from the raw data of the sensor in polar coordinates. After that, the line segments are classified into road and obstacle segments. To enhance the classification performance, the estimated roll and pitch angles of the sensor relative to the scanning road surface in the previous time step are then used. The classified road line segments are applied to track the road boundaries, roll, and pitch angles by using an integrated probabilistic data association filter. The proposed method was evaluated with the autonomous vehicle A1, which was the winner of the 2010 Autonomous Vehicle Competition in Korea organized by the Hyundai-Kia automotive group. The proposed method using the estimated roll and pitch angles can detect road boundaries and roadside, as well as road obstacles under various road conditions, including paved and unpaved roads and intersections.

Enhanced Road Boundary and Obstacle Detection Using a Downward-Looking LIDAR Sensor

This paper examines the method of road surface recognition, based on the analysis of backscattered radar and ultrasonic signals. The results demonstrate that the use of cluster analysis allows for reliable discrimination of various on-road and off-road surfaces of practical interest.

Remote road surface identification using radar and ultrasonic sensors

This paper explores the features of radar signal reflection from rough surfaces in the low terahertz range in relation to automotive radars. An improved method for determining the backscattering coefficient is proposed. It is shown that for diffuse radar signal scattering the empirical methods developed for lower frequency ranges can be applied with sufficient accuracy to a range of low terahertz signals. The results obtained are important for determining the parameters and assessing the effectiveness of future automotive radars.

Low Terahertz Signal Backscattering from Rough Surfaces

There is a lack of published experimental forward-scattering radar sea clutter data at very low (almost zero) grazing angle over the sea. This data is necessary to provide a fundamental understanding of the operating environment for the development of forward-scatter radar systems for maritime applications. Experimental data has therefore been recorded at frequencies of 7.5 GHz, 9.3 GHz, 24 GHz, and 37.5GHz using Forward Scatter Radar with static, medium gain antennas for low sea states 1-3. Results of clutter power spectral density measurements are presented and conclusions drawn from the results. (4 pages)

Near zero grazing angle forward-scatter sea clutter measurement spectrum analysis

Over the past ten years millimetre-wave automotive radar has matured from laboratory prototype to mass production for vehicle applications. Manufacturers are now producing the second or third generation of sensors as designs mature, volumes increase and costs are reduced. New application with greater potential for even larger production volume and lower cost are now being developed. Automotive radar systems are being developed and deployed in the 24 GHz band using narrowband modulation. Development work is also underway to produce ultra-wideband radar sensors using the 76-81 GHz band. Current applications for radar in vehicles includes adaptive cruise control, and stop & go and blind sport warning. Future applications include lane change warning, rear closing vehicle warning, collision warning, pedestrian detection, cross traffic warning, collision mitigation, side impact pre warning and air bag pre warming

Automotive Millimetre-Wave Radar, Current Applications and Future Developments

This paper presents the proof of concept of a methodology for radar image segmentation in real aperture low-THz high resolution radar imagery, ultimately as a method to identify traversable free space for path planning for autonomous vehicles. The segmentation method, based on histogram thresholding of super-pixel statistical means is described and then applied to candidate high resolution radar images to show the potential for region finding. The subsequently segmented images are then qualitatively analysed, relevant features such as shadow and anomalous statistical regions are discussed related to identification of hazard areas for path planning.

Edward Hoare

Papers

Remote road surface identification using radar and ultrasonic sensors

Low Terahertz Signal Backscattering from Rough Surfaces

Near zero grazing angle forward-scatter sea clutter measurement spectrum analysis

Automotive Millimetre-Wave Radar, Current Applications and Future Developments

Image Segmentation in Real Aperture Low-THz Radar Images