Ieee transactions on antennas and propagation

An efficient, low-loss, low sidelobe, high dynamic range phased-array radar antenna system is disclosed that uses metamaterials, which are manmade composite materials having a negative index of refraction, to create a biconcave lens architecture (instead of the aforementioned biconvex lens) for focusing the microwaves transmitted by the antenna. Accordingly, the sidelobes of the antenna are reduced. Attenuation across microstrip transmission lines may be reduced by using low loss transmission lines that are suspended above a ground plane a predetermined distance in a way such they are not in contact with a solid substrate. By suspending the microstrip transmission lines in this manner, dielectric signal loss is reduced significantly, thus resulting in a less-attenuated signal at its destination.

Phased array metamaterial antenna system

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Advanced Digital Signal Processing And Noise Reduction

Estimation theory with applications to communications and control

Detection of road boundaries and obstacles is essential for autonomous vehicle navigation. In this paper, we propose a road boundary and obstacle detection method using a downward-looking light detection and ranging sensor. This method extracts line segments from the raw data of the sensor in polar coordinates. After that, the line segments are classified into road and obstacle segments. To enhance the classification performance, the estimated roll and pitch angles of the sensor relative to the scanning road surface in the previous time step are then used. The classified road line segments are applied to track the road boundaries, roll, and pitch angles by using an integrated probabilistic data association filter. The proposed method was evaluated with the autonomous vehicle A1, which was the winner of the 2010 Autonomous Vehicle Competition in Korea organized by the Hyundai-Kia automotive group. The proposed method using the estimated roll and pitch angles can detect road boundaries and roadside, as well as road obstacles under various road conditions, including paved and unpaved roads and intersections.

Enhanced Road Boundary and Obstacle Detection Using a Downward-Looking LIDAR Sensor

In this paper the requirements for low-THz automotive sensors are presented with the focus on THz imaging of the terrain in front of the vehicle. Initial imaging performance at 150 GHz radar is demonstrated and a planned extension using an advanced 300 GHz radar system is described. Antenna requirements for these systems are discussed.

Antenna range evaluations of low THz imagers for automotive applications

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https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/143225822/rsn2.12096.pdf

Phenomenology of automotive radar interference

In this paper the Doppler phase signature forming in Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) is analyzed to show the rationale for “true” forward scatter radar where a target actually crosses the baseline and the whole Doppler signature is used for target detection, speed and trajectory estimation. Several measured Doppler signatures are compared where the target is in one of diffraction zones with the view to separate between pure shadow radiation and bistatic scattering. Two identical objects, metallic and magnetic absorber covered, are chosen to demonstrate the difference in shadow and bistatic scattering mechanisms. (6 pages)

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6482821/6494711/06494841.pdf

Phenomenology of signals in FSR for surface targets detection

The Radar Cross Section (RCS) is used to characterize the reflectivity of a target, which is essential for the detection performances of an automotive sensor system. Results of RCS measurements of a child mannequin at 300 GHz are presented for the first time and compared with measurements at the current automotive frequency standards (24 GHz). The RCS range and angular profile measurements of the mannequin are obtained in a controlled environment with the aid of a computer controlled turntable. The potential of low-TeraHertz (low-THz) sensors to measure additional characteristic features of pedestrians and hence enhance pedestrian recognition is also shown.

Comparison of pedestrian reflectivities at 24 and 300 GHz

In this paper the potential advantages of imaging outdoor environments in the low Terahertz (low-THz) range of frequencies (0.1 THz-1 THz) are discussed, in terms of the device parameters available at these frequencies and also in terms of the scattering expected by THz waves propagating in real-world environments. The results presented confirm that imaging surfaces with surface characteristics similar to those found in outdoor environments, with low-THz devices, aids in the interpretation of the obtained image whilst keeping the image processing complexity low.

Edward Hoare

Papers

Antenna range evaluations of low THz imagers for automotive applications

Phenomenology of automotive radar interference

Phenomenology of signals in FSR for surface targets detection

Comparison of pedestrian reflectivities at 24 and 300 GHz

Low-THz rough surface imaging