Carbon materials have attracted intense interests as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors, because of their high surface area, electrical conductivity, chemical stability and low cost. Activated carbons produced by different activation processes from various precursors are the most widely used electrodes. Recently, with the rapid growth of nanotechnology, nanostructured electrode materials, such as carbon nanotubes and template-synthesized porous carbons have been developed. Their unique electrical properties and well controlled pore sizes and structures facilitate fast ion and electron transportation. In order to further improve the power and energy densities of the capacitors, carbon-based composites combining electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC)-capacitance and pseudo-capacitance have been explored. They show not only enhanced capacitance, but as well good cyclability. In this review, recent progresses on carbon-based electrode materials are summarized, including activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and template-synthesized porous carbons, in particular mesoporous carbons. Their advantages and disadvantages as electrochemical capacitors are discussed. At the end of this review, the future trends of electrochemical capacitors with high energy and power are proposed.

Carbon Materials for Chemical Capacitive Energy Storage

Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review

http://textilamir.persiangig.com/document/3.pdf

Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehensive review

A review of the production of activated carbons from agricultural residues is presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage are reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties are discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m 2 /g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm 3 /g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from agricultural residues with those issued from tires, and commercial carbons, have been made. A review is carried out of the reaction kinetic modelling, applied to pyrolysis of agricultural wastes and activation of their pyrolytic char.

Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—A review

http://www.adktroutguide.com/files/2003_Pyrolysis_of_biomass_and_sludge_to_produce_fuels_and_chemical_feedstocks.pdf

Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks

A process is created for the utilization of biomass by producing carbon adsorbents and gas. Carbon adsorbents with alkaline character of the surface, tar and gas products are obtained by steam pyrolysis of biomass (almond shells, nut shells, apricot stones, cherry stones, grape seeds). Mixtures of tar obtained during this process and furfural are used for obtaining carbon adsorbents with low ash and sulphur contents and different chemical character of the surface. The chemical character of oxygen functional groups on their surface reveals that they are polyfunctional cationites. Carbon adsorbents obtained have a hydrophilic surface and are suitable for removing metal ions and other pollutants from water. The gas products can be used as energy source.

Biomass conversion to carbon adsorbents and gas

Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation

Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon obtained from furfural.

Pyrolysis for the simultaneous generation of oils and gases can be convenient to obtain hydrocarbons and even to recover crude petrochemicals or to generate energy from waste plastics A Gray–King apparatus has been used to pyrolyze waste polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), both separately and with different compositions Thermogravimetric analysis of waste plastics indicated the critical temperatures, which should be effective for pyrolysis The chosen heating rate was low in order to achieve higher liquid yields The results showed that waste PS yielded higher liquid, and waste PE yielded higher gaseous products The dominant liquid product of PS waste was styrene whereas for waste PE, prophenylbenzene was the dominant pyrolysis product

Ekrem Ekinci

Papers

Biomass conversion to carbon adsorbents and gas

Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation

Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon obtained from furfural.

Recyling of plastic wastes via pyrolysis

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene