Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria.

Rapid analysis of amino acids using pre-column derivatization.

9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were first used for solid phase peptide synthesis a little more than a decade ago. Since that time, Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis methodology has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of a variety of solid supports, linkages, and side chain protecting groups, as well as by increased understanding of solvation conditions. These advances have led to many impressive syntheses, such as those of biologically active and isotopically labeled peptides and small proteins. The great variety of conditions under which Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis may be carried out represents a truly "orthogonal" scheme, and thus offers many unique opportunities for bioorganic chemistry.

Solid phase peptide synthesis utilizing 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids

Production of biochar (the carbon (C)-rich solid formed by pyrolysis of biomass) and its storage in soils have been suggested as a means of abating climate change by sequestering carbon, while simultaneously providing energy and increasing crop yields. Substantial uncertainties exist, however, regarding the impact, capacity and sustainability of biochar at the global level. In this paper we estimate the maximum sustainable technical potential of biochar to mitigate climate change. Annual net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane and nitrous oxide could be reduced by a maximum of 1.8 Pg CO 2 -C equivalent (CO 2 -C e ) per year (12 % of current anthropogenic CO 2 -C e emissions; 1 Pg = 1 Gt), and total net emissions over the course of a century by 130 Pg CO 2 -C e , without endangering food security, habitat or soil conservation. Biochar has a larger climate-change mitigation potential than combustion of the same sustainably procured biomass for bioenergy, except when fertile soils are amended while coal is the fuel being offset.

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Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of subpicomole amounts of amino acids by precolumn fluorescence derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde

Chiral Polysiloxanes for Resolution of Optical Antipodes

Gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis of optically active metabolites and drugs on a novel chiral stationary phase

New Perspectives in the Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Tunichromes and Related Compounds.

Chiral recognition of many enantiomeric solutes by a chiral amide stationary phase is based mainly on hydrogen bonding. A chiral-recognition-factor CHI is proposed, given by the difference of the enthalpy change in the enantiomer discrimination, standardized with respect to the specific interaction of the solutes with the diamide core of the stationary phase. The role of the entropy part is also discussed. By extrapolation of the retention behaviour to elevated temperature, peak inversion of enantiomers is predicted.

Chiral recognition in the resolution of enantiomers by GLC

By on-line addition of a central atom (for example, AgI, BIII, PdII, LiI) positively or negatively charged complexes of analytes can be formed for CIS-MS. This technique is applicable to both polar and nonpolar compounds—for example, for alcohols, ethers, and a large number of olefins, polyolefins, and arenes as well as steroids, vitamins of the D and E families, carotinoids, polystyrols, terpenes, and unsaturated fatty acids—and can be readily coupled with separation techniques.

Ernst Bayer

Papers

Chiral Polysiloxanes for Resolution of Optical Antipodes

Gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis of optically active metabolites and drugs on a novel chiral stationary phase

New Perspectives in the Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Tunichromes and Related Compounds.

Chiral recognition in the resolution of enantiomers by GLC

Coordination-Ionspray-MS (CIS-MS), a Universal Detection and Characterization Method for Direct Coupling with Separation Techniques.