For almost 50 years field experiments have been used to study ethnic and racial discrimination in hiring decisions, consistently reporting high rates of discrimination against minority applicants - including immigrants -, irrespective of time, location, or minority groups tested. While Riach and Rich (2002) and Rich (2014) provide systematic reviews of existing field experiments, no study has undertaken a meta-analysis to examine the findings in the studies reported. In this article we present a meta-analysis of 730 correspondence tests in 42 separate studies conducted in OECD countries between 1990 and 2015. In addition to summarizing research findings, we focus on subgroups to ascertain the robustness of findings, emphasizing differences across countries, gender, and economic contexts. Moreover we test hypotheses with regard to taste-based and statistical discrimination. To this end, we draw on the fact that the groups considered in correspondence tests and the contexts of testing vary to some extent. We focus on first- and second generation immigrants, differences between specific minority groups, the implementation of EU directives, and the length of job application packs. There are many indications that ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions reflects taste-based discrimination, although in some cases statistical discrimination seems to occur.

Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: A meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015

Why is hospitality employees’ psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale

Using the panel data of 66 countries between 2000 and 2009, we study the positive effect of world heritage sites(WHSs) on the international tourism...

Analysis of International Tourist Arrivals Worldwide

How the COVID-19 pandemic affected hotel Employee stress: Employee perceptions of occupational stressors and their consequences

Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction

While travel has long been resorted to as a pursuit for tourists’ well-being, this purpose has been brought into question by the sudden public health emergency of COVID-19, when many tourists found...

The social crisis aftermath: tourist well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak

To survive or to thrive? China’s luxury hotel restaurants entering O2O food delivery platforms amid the COVID-19 crisis

This paper investigates the impact of tourist-to-tourist (T2T) interactions on destination image and the moderating effect of interaction intensity. The results indicate that benevolent sociable incidents play a major role in determining the quality of T2T interaction, which shapes tourists’ perceived cognitive image, and in turn influences the affective image of a destination. Furthermore, high interaction intensity aggravates the negatively connoted aspect of T2T interactions such that the influence of tourist misbehaviors is stronger, the impact of interaction quality on the natural facet of cognitive image becomes more salient, and the nurture of affection for the destination is impeded.

Fiona X. Yang

Papers

The social crisis aftermath: tourist well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak

To survive or to thrive? China’s luxury hotel restaurants entering O2O food delivery platforms amid the COVID-19 crisis

Tourist Co-Created Destination Image

High‐speed rail and tourism in China: An urban agglomeration perspective

Does workplace guanxi matter to hotel career success