https://faculty.washington.edu/renatab/courses/PSE490/downloads/pretreatment.pdf

Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

Improvement of enzyme activity, stability and selectivity via immobilization techniques

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion

Laccases of fungi attract considerable attention due to their possible involvement in the transformation of a wide variety of phenolic compounds including the polymeric lignin and humic substances. So far, more than a 100 enzymes have been purified from fungal cultures and characterized in terms of their biochemical and catalytic properties. Most ligninolytic fungal species produce constitutively at least one laccase isoenzyme and laccases are also dominant among ligninolytic enzymes in the soil environment. The fact that they only require molecular oxygen for catalysis makes them suitable for biotechnological applications for the transformation or immobilization of xenobiotic compounds.

Fungal laccases - occurrence and properties.

Industrial applications of microbial lipases

The size distributions of an arthrobacter, approximately 1 μm in diameter, were analysed using a Coulter® Multisizer II instrument thereby making it possible to distinguish between the different stages in the morphological cycle. The results indicated that at the beginning of exponential phase a shift occurred from large to smaller cells, the cell size distributions in both categories were asymmetric, skewed towards higher values than the means. During the course of the batch culture the cells in the larger class decreased in size and the two classes coalesced. The size distribution of the smaller class exhibited an additional shift towards smaller cells. After which neither the number of classes nor the size distribution changed. It was concluded that the Coulter® Multisizer II instrument provides a feasible method to extract information not only about mean cell size but also about cell size distributions.

Changes of cell size distribution during the batch culture of Arthrobacter strain PI/1-95

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, psychrophilic, motile rod, designated BZ59T, was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BZ59T belonged to the genus 
Candidimonas
and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with 
Candidimonas nitroreducens
SC-089T (97.7 %) and 
Candidimonas humi
SC-092T (97.6 %). The ubiquinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The polar lipid profile contained the major compounds phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine; a minor amount of 2-hydroxyputrescine was present. The DNA G+C content of strain BZ59T was 61.6 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain BZ59T represents a novel species of the genus 
Candidimonas
, for which the name Candidimonas bauzanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BZ59T ( = DSM 22805T = LMG 26046T = CGMCC 1.10190T). The description of the genus 
Candidimonas
is emended.

Candidimonas bauzanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Candidimonas Vaz-Moreira et al. 2011.

A thermographimetric method which allows for a quick and accurate estimation of intra- and extracellular water of microbial cells is reviewed and improved. Knowledge of these fractions is important for physiological as well as for toxicological investigations. Results of the study indicate that besides the species, nutrient availability and growth conditions affect the intracellular water content. Intra- and extracellular water, dry matter, volume and density of a single cell of Arthrobacter sp. are calculated. There are indications that intracellular compartments of eukaryotes could also be investigated with this method.

A practicable and accurate method to differentiate between intra-and extracellular water of microbial cells

The MERESAFIN (MEtal REmoval by SAnd Filter INoculation) process presented here was designed to combine the optimum conditions for more than one of the well-known processes of biological metal immobilisation like biosorption and bioprecipitation. The approach makes use of a continuously operated moving-bed AstraSand filter which has been inoculated with a mixed population of metal biosorbing and bioprecipitating bacteria. A pilot plant operating at 1 m 3 /h has been erected at a metal plating company in Vienna to treat waste water from an electroless nickel plating line. In addition to several mg/L of nickel the rinsing water also contains some organic acids and inorganic phosphates, which make conventional treatment difficult. The main laboratory experiments as well as preliminary results from the pilot installation are presented.

Franz Schinner

Papers

Changes of cell size distribution during the batch culture of Arthrobacter strain PI/1-95

Candidimonas bauzanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Candidimonas Vaz-Moreira et al. 2011.

A practicable and accurate method to differentiate between intra-and extracellular water of microbial cells

Removal of nickel from plating rinsing water with a moving-bed sand filter inoculated with metal sorbing and precipitating bacteria

Production and properties of an extracellular metalloprotease from a psychrophilic Pseudomonas fluorescens