There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The surface science of titanium dioxide

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this emerging field.

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Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

Epitaxial growth of molybdenum on TiO2(110)

Azimuthally controlled grating-coupling surface plasmon resonance (φ ≠ 0° GC-SPR) is known to exhibit refractive index sensitivity (SRI) up to one order of magnitude higher with respect to classic φ = 0° GC-SPR. Here, grated gold surfaces (period of 500 nm and amplitude of 40 nm) were covered with different amounts of thiol-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, Mw 5 kDa) through a 24 h functionalization process using polymer solutions at increasing concentration (from 500 nM to 2.5 mM). The GC-SPR output signal generated by each PEO layer was measured in both null and rotated configuration. The number of PEO molecules adsorbed onto each surface (cm−2) and the corresponding molecular surface densities (σ [ng/cm2]) were calculated from the angle shifts collected after PEO film formation, by combining the model shown by Jung and the theory of PEO layer formation. In the end, we obtained a calibration curve that correlates the amount of PEO tethered onto the surface with the SPR measurement output signal, that will be useful for future reference. At the PEO surface saturation condition (PEO σ = 592 ng/cm2, obtained using PEO concentration ≥2 mM), a SRI of 603°/RIU was reached (φ = 45°), which is ≈10-fold higher than what obtained through the classic GC-SPR (φ = 0°). This enhanced instrumental sensitivity allowed detecting tiny amounts of molecules adsorbed onto the surface (3.1 ng vs 59.7 ng of classic φ = 0° GC-SPR), a property that is extremely valuable for the application of SPR sensing to quantitative determinations.

Enhanced sensitivity azimuthally controlled grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance applied to the calibration of thiol-poly(ethylene oxide) grafting

Gaetano Granozzi

Papers

Epitaxial growth of molybdenum on TiO2(110)

Enhanced sensitivity azimuthally controlled grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance applied to the calibration of thiol-poly(ethylene oxide) grafting

Comments on the validity of koopmans' theorem in photoelectron spectra of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls

Synchrotron-radiation-induced photoemission study of VO2 ultrathin films deposited on TiO2(110)

Electronic properties and structure of vanadia ultra-thin films grown on TiO2(110) in a water vapour ambient