1: Magnetic Particles: Preparation, Properties and Applications: M. Ozaki. 2: Maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3): A Versatile Magnetic Colloidal Material C.J. Serna, M.P. Morales. 3: Dynamics of Adsorption and Oxidation of Organic Molecules on Illuminated Titanium Dioxide Particles Immersed in Water M.A. Blesa, R.J. Candal, S.A. Bilmes. 4: Colloidal Aggregation in Two-Dimensions A. Moncho-Jorda, F. Martinez-Lopez, M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, R. Hidalgo Alvarez, M. Quesada-PMerez. 5: Kinetics of Particle and Protein Adsorption Z. Adamczyk.

Surface and Colloid Science

The response of soil organic matter (OM) decomposition to increasing temperature is a critical aspect of ecosystem responses to global change The impacts of climate warming on decomposition dynamics have not been resolved due to apparently contradictory results from field and lab experiments, most of which has focused on labile carbon with short turnover times But the majority of total soil carbon stocks are comprised of organic carbon with turnover times of decades to centuries Understanding the response of these carbon pools to climate change is essential for forecasting longer-term changes in soil carbon storage Herein, we briefly synthesize information from recent studies that have been conducted using a wide variety of approaches In our effort to understand research to-date, we derive a new conceptual model that explicitly identifies the processes controlling soil OM availability for decomposition and allows a more explicit description of the factors regulating OM decomposition under different circumstances It explicitly defines resistance of soil OM to decomposition as being due either to its chemical conformation (quality )o r its physico-chemical protection from decomposition The former is embodied in the depolymerization process, the latter by adsorption/desorption and aggregate turnover We hypothesize a strong role for variation in temperature sensitivity as a function of reaction rates for both We conclude that important advances in understanding the temperature response of the processes that control substrate availability, depolymerization, microbial efficiency, and enzyme production will be needed to predict the fate of soil carbon stocks in a warmer world

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2011_conant_r001.pdf

Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates – synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward

On the adsorption of proteins on solid surfaces, a common but very complicated phenomenon

Fenton-like processes have been studied widely in recent years and are considered promising for organic wastewater treatment. Due to the demand for high efficiency wastewater treatment, a summary of the study status of Fenton-like processes is necessary to develop a novel and high efficiency organic wastewater treatment method. In this review, some important effect parameters (pH, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, temperature) in hetero-/homo-geneous Fenton-like processes are discussed, and then the physical field/phenomenon-assisted hetero-/homo-geneous Fenton-like processes are presented. After that, catalyst types and the evaluation of wastewater treatment costs for various Fenton-like processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, possible future research directions and some guidelines for Fenton-like processes are given.

A review on Fenton-like processes for organic wastewater treatment

Aquatic surface chemistry: Edited by Werner Stumm. Wiley, New York. 1987. $69.95 (ISBN 0471822951)

We examined the degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) by modified Fenton reaction at near neutral pH conditions using Fe II –glutamate complex as a source of Fe 2+ . The reaction was conducted using 0.04 mM (5 mg L −1 ) of NB in presence of 65 mM H 2 O 2 at room temperature. Complex concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM (Fe 2+  = 0.81, 1.62, 2.43 and 3.23 mM) were assayed and showed effective rates of NB degradation with t 1/2 values of 17, 6.2, 4.8 and 1.85 min, respectively. In the pH range 5–7 the complex activity is pH-dependent, and the optimal pH was 6.3. The degradation was monitored by solid-phase microextraction in combination with GC analysis. The rate of degradation recorded at near neutral pH in presence of 20 mM of Fe-complex was equal to that obtained in presence of Fe 2+ (2.5 mM) at pH 2.7. Glutamate complexes formed with Cu 2+ or Co 2+ did not show the improved degradation observed in case of Fe–glutamate. Furthermore, the introduction of the chelating agent as a free ion into the reaction medium containing Fe 2+ did not improve the degradation of NB at neutral pH conditions.

Degradation of nitrobenzene at near neutral pH using Fe2+–glutamate complex as a homogeneous Fenton catalyst

Ultrasonic assisted-Fenton-like degradation of nitrobenzene at neutral pH using nanosized oxides of Fe and Cu.

Environmentally friendly pesticides: Essential oil-based w/o/w multiple emulsions for anti-fungal formulations

Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of cadusafos on soils.

Metal oxychlorides of Fe, Cu, Bi and Zn were prepared and tested in heterogeneous Fenton degradation of 20 ppm of 2-Nitrophenol (2-NP) in the presence of ultrasonic (US, 20 kHz), ultraviolet (UV, 6 W, λ = 254 nm), and US/UV coupled irradiations. The different experimental conditions including the catalysts dosages, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH value, temperature, pollutant concentration and irradiation time were optimized and the reusability of the tested metal oxychlorides was investigated as well. The capability of 2-NP degradation follows the order US/UV > UV > US. The rate constant of degradation using sonophotocatalytic system was even higher than the sum of rates of individual systems due to its synergistic performance. Times of 30, 40, 50 and 50 min were respectively needed for Fe, Cu, Bi and Zn oxychlorides to accomplish complete degradation under the experimental conditions of 0.1 gL−1 solid, 5 mM H2O2, pH 7 and 25 °C. The rate constant of degradation followed the same order of mentioned metals with values of 0.15, 0.0871, 0.0964, 0.0806, and 0.0738 min−1 for Fe, Cu, Bi and Zn oxychlorides, respectively. The mechanism proposed considers a major role of produced hydroxyl radicals while the difference in band gap energy was emphasized in case of Bi and Zn oxychlorides.

Gamal M.S. ElShafei

Papers

Degradation of nitrobenzene at near neutral pH using Fe2+–glutamate complex as a homogeneous Fenton catalyst

Ultrasonic assisted-Fenton-like degradation of nitrobenzene at neutral pH using nanosized oxides of Fe and Cu.

Environmentally friendly pesticides: Essential oil-based w/o/w multiple emulsions for anti-fungal formulations

Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of cadusafos on soils.

Metal oxychlorides as robust heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the sonophotocatalytic degradation of 2-nitrophenol