There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Nature’s hierarchical materials

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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

This article presents the integrated design of a robot-based inline measurement system for precise 3-D surface inspection on free-formed objects. The measurement system comprises a MAGLEV measurement platform that is mounted to an industrial robot and enables the out-of-plane tracking of an arbitrarily oriented sample surface. This establishes lab-like conditions for the integrated optical 3-D measurement tool directly in a vibrational environment. Using a proportional-integral-derivative control architecture with a tracking control bandwidth of 600 Hz, the effects of a vibration signal with 15.5 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m rms can be reduced to disturbances with 236 nm rms. The orientation-independent measurement performance is demonstrated by imaging a calibration standard with 20 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m pitch in various robot poses. Experiments show that the system is capable of reducing the axial measurement uncertainty by a factor of 12, enabling robot-based 3-D measurements with submicrometer resolution on freeform surfaces in a vibrational environment.

Bringing the Lab to the Fab: Robot-Based Inline Measurement System for Precise 3-D Surface Inspection in Vibrational Environments

Scanning laser triangulation sensor geometry maintaining imaging condition

The macroscopic mechanical response properties of bituminous materials originate from the mechanical properties at the microstructural level. From atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations, it is evident that mainly two material phases are present in bitumen; these phases can be loosely associated with bitumen’s chemical composition (i.e., crude oil origin). However, little is known about the mechanical properties of the constituent phases of bitumen. In this research, an AFM technique was used to obtain mechanical property maps of two bitumens. This technique can distinguish between phases and provide quantitative results. The mechanical properties at the nano- to micrometer-length scale govern the overall properties of bitumen when considered as a microscale composite material. A mechanics approach is followed to derive the composite modulus from the individual phase properties. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of mechanical properties is determined on heating the bitumens from ambient conditi...

Quantifying the Thermomechanical Response of Bitumen from Microphase Properties

Compensation Based Displacement Measurement Using Objective Laser Speckles

Optical parts, such as lenses or mirrors, are often qualified by surface shape metrology. Wavefront measurements allow for a more direct measurement of the performance of an optical part. However, the dynamic range of current wavefront sensors is not sufficient for measuring the wavefront generated by high-NA optical parts. In this paper, a wavefront sensor is combined with a mechatronic positioning system to overcome these limitations by repositioning and reorienting the wavefront sensor. Feedback loops are implemented to ensure a tangential orientation of the wavefront sensor in every measurement position. An experimental setup is constructed and a measurement strategy that compensates for tip and tilt between wavefront and sensor is developed. It is demonstrated that this setup is capable of directly measuring the wavefront of a high-NA optic.

Georg Schitter

Papers

Bringing the Lab to the Fab: Robot-Based Inline Measurement System for Precise 3-D Surface Inspection in Vibrational Environments

Scanning laser triangulation sensor geometry maintaining imaging condition

Quantifying the Thermomechanical Response of Bitumen from Microphase Properties

Compensation Based Displacement Measurement Using Objective Laser Speckles

Self-Aligning Scanning Shack-Hartmann Sensor for Automatic Wavefront Measurements of High-NA Optics