There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Thank you very much for downloading principles of fluorescence spectroscopy. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of fluorescence spectroscopy, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. principles of fluorescence spectroscopy is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the principles of fluorescence spectroscopy is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Nature’s hierarchical materials

Thank you for reading principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Robust feedback control with large parameter uncertainties in a high precision stage with large sample mass variation is presented. Instead of expressing the nominal plant and its uncertainty by parametric models, they are expressed using the identified frequency response data. The open loop transfer function is mapped onto a Nyquist plot, to assess robust stability. Next, the complementary sensitivity function is derived from this data to describe tracking performance, which is verified by experiments. The advantage is that the parameter estimation step is omitted, without compromising robust stability and performance.

Non-parametric robustness analysis for feedback motion control for a high precision stage with large mass uncertainty

Due to their reconfigurability and sensor-near signal processing, smart cameras are ideally suited for applications in optical metrology. This article describes ongoing research activities in this area and demonstrates the efficient implementation of complex algorithms on limited hardware through intelligent systems integration. This enables the realization of fast wavefront-sensors for adaptive optics and real-time strain sensors based on speckle-metrology.

/pdf/intelligente-kameras-in-der-messtechnik-10row3k4ai.pdf

Intelligente Kameras in der Messtechnik

This work presents the design, alignment algorithm and validation of an optical scanning color sensor system capable of precisely aligning itself to a sample without additional external sensors, improving the repeatability of the color measurement. The proposed system design enables to scan the optical path of the color sensor by a fast steering mirror (FSM), such that the angle of incidence can be varied within ±3°. A color characterisation is performed to determine the parameter of the CIELAB color space, which can be used to correctly align the color sensor with respect to the sample. An alignment algorithm automatically determines the correct measurement distance and angle of incidence, based on the measured brightness value L*. Experimental results show that the alignment algorithm can precisely align the sensor with a deviation of 9.3 µm and 8 mdeg. To evaluate the repeatability of the system, ten measurements with various start positions are performed, resulting in a maximum color difference of 0.0741 between the measurements. Additionally, the measurement data acquired during the alignment process can be used to characterize the surface finish.

Improving the Repeatability of a Color Sensor by Integrating an FSM for Scanning-based Areal Measurements

Performing electrical Atomic Force Microscopy measurements in aqueous solutions is of paramount importance in a vast range of scientific fields. As with operation at ambient conditions, it is important to ensure that the force on the cantilever is purely of electrostatic origin. However, with the insertion of water and therefore mobile ions and polar molecules into the tip-sample system come several unwanted effects. Here, an experimental study is carried out, analyzing the influence of parameters such as drive-frequency, -amplitude and ionic concentration on the feasibility to perform electrical AFM measurements in aqueous solutions. To this end the system is theoretically modelled and parameter sweeps are preformed, leading to transition frequencies above which the electrostatic force has the predominant impact on the cantilever.

Electrostatic Actuation of AFM Cantilevers in Aqueous Solutions

This paper presents an automatic Fourier synthesis-based input-shaping algorithm for repetitive force-curve trajectories, applied to a piezo-electric actuator. A periodic scan-signal is generated by Fourier synthesis, consisting of the fundamental frequency and its even and odd harmonics. In order to compensate for the system dynamics of the used piezo-electric actuator, amplitude and phase response at these frequencies are identified. By adjusting amplitude and phase of each individual frequency component, the tracking error is reduced significantly. The presented method also demonstrates its capability of improving the non-linear behavior of piezoelectric actuators. The technique is experimentally evaluated on a piezo-electric stack-actuator, used as fast Z-actuator within an atomic force microscope (AFM). Comparing the presented method to an uncompensated triangular signal as well as input shaping methods, presented in literature, shows a significant reduction of tracking error of 84% and 65%, respectively.

Georg Schitter

Papers

Non-parametric robustness analysis for feedback motion control for a high precision stage with large mass uncertainty

Intelligente Kameras in der Messtechnik

Improving the Repeatability of a Color Sensor by Integrating an FSM for Scanning-based Areal Measurements

Electrostatic Actuation of AFM Cantilevers in Aqueous Solutions

Automatic fourier synthesis based input-shaping for scanning piezo-electric actuators