THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Soil Chemical Analysis

A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

TiO(2) is one of the most studied compounds in materials science. Owing to some outstanding properties it is used for instance in photocatalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, and biomedical devices. In 1999, first reports showed the feasibility to grow highly ordered arrays of TiO(2) nanotubes by a simple but optimized electrochemical anodization of a titanium metal sheet. This finding stimulated intense research activities that focused on growth, modification, properties, and applications of these one-dimensional nanostructures. This review attempts to cover all these aspects, including underlying principles and key functional features of TiO(2), in a comprehensive way and also indicates potential future directions of the field.

TiO2 nanotubes: synthesis and applications.

Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis.

Titanium metal matrix composites/TMMCs are reinforced ceramic reinforcements that have been developed and used in the automotive, biological, implants, and aerospace fields. At high temperatures, TMMCs can provide up to 50% weight reduction compared to monolithic super alloys while maintaining comparable quality or state of strength. The objective of this research was the analysis and evaluation of the effect/influence of different sintering temperatures, reinforcement size dependence of mechanical properties, and fortification mechanisms on the particle size distribution of B4C, SiC, and ZrO2 reinforced TMMCs that were produced and fabricated by powder metallurgy/PM. SEM, XRD, a Rockwell hardness tester, and the Archimedes principle were used in this analysis. The composites’ hardness, approximation, tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength were all increased. As the composite was reinforced with low-density ceramics material and particles, its density decreased. The volume and void content in all the synthesized specimens is below 1%; this is the result of good sample densification, mechanical properties and uniform distribution of the reinforced particle samples; 5% B4C, 12.5% SiC, 7.5% ZrO2, 75% Ti develop higher mechanical properties, such as higher hardness, approximation tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength and low porosity.

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Effect of Sintering Temperatures, Reinforcement Size on Mechanical Properties and Fortification Mechanisms on the Particle Size Distribution of B4C, SiC and ZrO2 in Titanium Metal Matrix Composites

The work in this study is based on the selective determination of Cd(II) using 5, 11, 17, 23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25, 27bis(7’-methoxycoumarin-3’-methyloxy)-26, 28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene as neutral ionophore. The anion excluder KTpClPB and various plasticizers, viz., o-NPOE, DBP, DBBP, TEP, DOP, CN and OA have been used to improve the performance of sensor. The best performance was obtained with o-NPOE as plasticizer with composition PVC (33%): o-NOPE (54%): Ionophore (5%): NaTPB (8%). This sensor exhibits Nernstian response with slope 23.0 ± 0.3 mV/decade of activity in the concentration range 1.0×10−9to 1.0×10−1M of Cd(II), performs satisfactorily over wide pH range of (2.0–8.6) with a fast response time (10s). The proposed sensor can be used over a period of 10 months without significance drift in potential. It has been used successfully for direct determination of Cd(II) in different real samples.

Selective recognition of Cd(II) using 5, 11, 17, 23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27bis(7’-methoxycoumarin-3’-methyloxy)-26, 28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene

Gram is one of the most important winter pulse crop in India. It can be a good alternative of prevailing non sustainable, non ecological and cost oriented rice-wheat cropping system. In rice growing area, continuous practice of crop residue burning and other ill practices caused reduction in soil organic matter and edaphic biodiversity. Adverse effect of rice-wheat system on survival of gram symbiotic micro-flora was reported by many workers. For successful establishment of crop and resource conservation, planting methods, mulching and inoculations are key inputs. The present investigation “Effect of mulching, planting methods and bio fertilizers on growth and yield of gram (Cicer arietinum L.)” was conducted at the Student's Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during Rabi season 2007–08. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, normal in reaction (pH 7.8) and EC of soil is 0.21 dsm-1. The soil tested low in organic carbon (0.39 per cent), organic matter (0.68 percent) and available nitrogen (178 kg ha-1) and medium in available phosphorus (21.4 kg ha-1) and high in potassium (350 kg ha-1). The experiment was replicated thrice in split plot design. Treatments includes mulching and no mulching and three planting methods i.e. Bed planting with two rows, Bed planting with one row and Flat planting in main plot and three bio fertilizer treatments i.e. PSB inoculation, Rhizobium inoculation and dual inoculation of PSB and Rhizobium in sub plots. Recommended cultural practices except for treatments under study were followed throughout the crop growth period. Significant effect of mulching on the crop emergence, growth, yield contributing parameters and grain yield were noted. Mulched plots recorded higher seed yield of gram (16.6 q ha-1) which was 10.6 per cent higher than no mulching. Higher number of nodules per plant was also observed in mulched plots. The effect of different planting methods on emergence was non significant. However effect of different planting methods on growth, yield parameters and yield were significant. Higher seed yield was obtained from bed planting with two rows (16.8 qha-1) followed by bed planting with one row (15.5 qha-1) and flat planting (15.2 qha-1). Effect of bio fertilizers on crop emergence was found to be non significant however its effect on seed yield of gram was significant. Higher seed yield with combined inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB (16.7 q ha-1) over PSB (15.3 q ha-1) and Rhizobium (15.5 q ha-1) alone were observed. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB produced significantly more number of nodule per plant over PSB and Rhizobium alone. But Rhizobium and PSB remained at par with each other. Effect of different bio fertilizers treatments on harvest index was non significant. Seed protein content was significantly higher in Rhizobium alone and combined inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB over PSB alone. From the present study it was concluded that maximum yield was obtained with mulching over no mulching so we can solve problem of excess residue of proceeding rice crop. Bed planting with two rows produced maximum growth and yield indices of gram over bed planting with one row and flat planting. Maximum seed and straw yield was obtained with combined inoculation of both Rhizobium and PSB over Rhizobium and PSB inoculation alone.

Effect of Mulching, Planting Methods and Bio Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Gram (Cicer Arietinum L.)

Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Haematological Parameters in Buffalo Calves under Summer Stress

Aphids are one of the most important insect pests of wheat crop in all wheat growing regions of the world. Amongst various aphid species, the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis F.) is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat in the North Western Plains region of India. Transcriptome profiling of highly susceptible wheat Triticum durum genotype, A-9-30-1 and tolerant wheat Triticum aestivum genotype, HD2967 was performed to investigate aphid-host interactions. The results obtained from differential gene expression analysis of R. maidis on the highly susceptible genotype, A-9-30-1 plants, when compared with the tolerant genotype, HD2967, showed that 212 genes were significantly upregulated and 1009 genes were significantly downregulated. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defense were significantly higher in response to R. maidis on HD2967 as compared to A-9-30-1. Additionally, various genes with physiological attributes were expressed during aphid attack. Based on gene ontology classification, three classifications, such as, cellular components (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological processes (BP) of sequences were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that twenty-five pathway genes were differentially expressed during the infestation of wheat with R. maidis. Notable changes were observed in A-9-30-1 and HD2967 transcriptomic profiling after infestation. The results obtained in the present study will help to elucidate the mechanism governing host-pest interaction and may lead to the development of new methods for increasing the resistance level of wheat against R. maidis, including over-expression of defense-related genes.

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Gyanendra Singh

Papers

Effect of Sintering Temperatures, Reinforcement Size on Mechanical Properties and Fortification Mechanisms on the Particle Size Distribution of B4C, SiC and ZrO2 in Titanium Metal Matrix Composites

Selective recognition of Cd(II) using 5, 11, 17, 23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27bis(7’-methoxycoumarin-3’-methyloxy)-26, 28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene

Effect of Mulching, Planting Methods and Bio Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Gram (Cicer Arietinum L.)

Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Haematological Parameters in Buffalo Calves under Summer Stress

Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat in response to corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis F. infestation