13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids--a compilation and some salient features

The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) are widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries, and have long been used in folk medicine to treat kidney and urinary bladder disturbances, intestinal infections, diabetes, and hepatitis B. In recent years, the interest in the plants has increased considerably. Substantial progress on their chemistal and pharmacological properties, as well as a few clinical studies of some Phyllanthus species have been made. This review discusses the current knowledge of their chemistry, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological, biochemical, and clinical studies carried out on the extracts, and the main active constituents isolated from different species of plants of the genus Phyllanthus. These studies carried out with the extracts and purified compounds from these plants support most of their reported uses in folk medicine as an antiviral, in the treatment of genitourinary disorders, and as antinociceptive agents. However, well-controlled, double-binding clinical trials are lacking. Several compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, and terpenes were isolated from these plants and some of them interact with most key enzymes. Together this data strongly supports the view that the plants belonging to the genus Phyllanthus have potential beneficial therapeutic actions in the management of hepatitis B, nefrolitiase, and in painful disorders.

A review of the plants of the genus Phyllanthus: their chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential.

Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins

Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.

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Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I

Advances in triterpenoid research, 1990–1994

Six prenylated flavones, including one new compound, were isolated and identified from the stem bark extracts of Artocarpus altilis The new prenylated flavone hydroxyartocarpin (1) was characterized as 3-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)-6-isopentenyl-5,8,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and the known compounds were artocarpin (2), morusin (3), cycloartobiloxanthone (4), cycloartocarpin A (5) and artoindonesianin V (6) The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and comparison with published data for the known compounds

Prenylated flavones from Artocarpus altilis

26-Nor-D:A-friedooleanane triterpenes from Phyllanthus watsonii

Furoquinoline alkaloids from Melicope bonwickii (F.Muell.) T.Hartley.

Air-dried leaves of both Glycosmis citrifolia and Glycosmis elongata collected from Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesia were individually extracted with chloroform to give dark viscous extracts after solvent removal. Column chromatographic separation of the extract of G. citrifolia yielded 5(6)-glutene-3 alpha-ol, two sets conformers, (E)-dambullin and (Z)-dambullin, and (E)-methyldambullin and (Z)-methyldambullin. Similar treatment of the extract of G. elongata gave skimmianine and arborinine. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and comparison with published reports.

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Alkaloids and sulphur-containing amides from glycosmis citrifolia and glycosmis elongata

Air-dried leaves of both Glycosmis citrifolia and Glycosmis elongata collected from Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesia were individually extracted with chloroform to give dark viscous extracts after solvent removal. Column chromatographic separation of the extract of G. citrifolia yielded 5(6)-glutene-3α-ol, two sets conformers, (E)-dambullin and (Z)-dambullin, and (E)-methyldambullin and (Z)-methyldambullin. Similar treatment of the extract of G. elongata gave skimmianine and arborinine. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and comparison with published reports.

Alkaloids and Sulphur-containing Amides from Glycosmis citrifolia and Glycosmis elongata (Alkaloid dan Amida Mengandungi Sulfur daripada Glycosmis citrifolia dan Glycosmis elongata)

Hazar Bebe Mohd Ismail

Papers

Prenylated flavones from Artocarpus altilis

26-Nor-D:A-friedooleanane triterpenes from Phyllanthus watsonii

Furoquinoline alkaloids from Melicope bonwickii (F.Muell.) T.Hartley.

Alkaloids and sulphur-containing amides from glycosmis citrifolia and glycosmis elongata

Alkaloids and Sulphur-containing Amides from Glycosmis citrifolia and Glycosmis elongata (Alkaloid dan Amida Mengandungi Sulfur daripada Glycosmis citrifolia dan Glycosmis elongata)