Heinrich Binder

TL;DR: It is proposed that repeated volleys delivered to the lumbar cord via the posterior roots can effectively modify the central state of spinal circuits by temporarily combining them into functional units generating integrated motor behavior of sustained extension and rhythmic flexion/extension movements.

TL;DR: The data imply that the human lumbar spinal cord circuits can form burst-generating elements that flexibly combine to obtain a wide range of locomotor outputs from a constant, repetitive input.

TL;DR: The present results strongly corroborate the activation of common neural input structures to the lumbar spinal cord—predominantly primary afferent fibers within multiple posterior roots—by both techniques and add to unraveling the basic mechanisms underlying electrical SCS.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sustained, nonpatterned electrical stimulation of the lumbosacral cord can initiate and retain lower-limb extension in paraplegic subjects with a long history of complete spinal cord injury.

TL;DR: The results suggest that transcutaneous SCS can be a viable non-pharmacological option for managing spasticity, likely working through enhancing pre- and postsynaptic spinal inhibitory mechanisms, and may additionally serve to identify responders to treatments with epidural SCS.