Hoau Yan Wang

TL;DR: Key observations and experimental data on insulin signalling in the brain are reviewed and the concept of 'brain insulin resistance' is defined and the growing, although still inconsistent, literature concerning cognitive impairment and neuropathological abnormalities in T2DM, obesity and insulin resistance is reviewed.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that astrocytes throughout the entorhinal cortex of AD patients gradually accumulate A beta 42-positive material and that the amount of this material correlates positively with the extent of local AD pathology, and that some astroicytes containing A beta 41-positive deposits undergo lysis, resulting in the formation of astroCyte-derived amyloid plaques in the cortical molecular layer in brain regions showing moderate to advanced AD pathology.

TL;DR: The presence and relative abundance of neuron-derived Abeta42/alpha7nAChR-positive materials within Bergman glia may be indicative of the stage of AD and support the notion that the intracellular and intradendritic accumulation of Abeta 42 may eventually result in cell lysis and the formation of APs.

TL;DR: Brain AKT phosphorylation, a critical node in the signaling of insulin and other growth factors, is associated with AD neuropathology and lower cognitive function, among older persons with or without diabetes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined associations of molecular markers of brain insulin signaling with cerebrovascular disease and found that insulin resistance in the human brain, even among persons without diabetes, is associated with brain infarcts, but not with other vessel pathology including atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis.