Holland S. Cordum

TL;DR: The male-specific region of the Y chromosome, the MSY, differentiates the sexes and comprises 95% of the chromosome's length, and is a mosaic of heterochromatic sequences and three classes of euchromatics sequences: X-transposed, X-degenerate and ampliconic.

TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequence of AZFc was determined by identifying and distinguishing between near-identical amplicons (massive repeat units) using an iterative mapping–sequencing process.

TL;DR: It is concluded that during recent evolution, an average of approximately 600 nucleotides per newborn male have undergone Y–Y gene conversion, which has had an important role in the evolution of multi-copy testis gene families in the MSY.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how the intestinal environment affects microbial genome evolution and found that lateral gene transfer, mobile elements, and gene amplification have played important roles in affecting the ability of gut-dwelling Bacteroidetes to vary their cell surface, sense their environment, and harvest nutrient resources present in the distal intestine.

TL;DR: The results reveal a shared gene signature among ChAG strains, as well as genes that may have been lost or gained during progression to adenocarcinoma, and indicates that genes encoding components of metal uptake and utilization pathways, outer membrane proteins, and virulence factors are among those associated with H. pylori's adaptation to ChAG.