다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors, store energy using either ion adsorption (electrochemical double layer capacitors) or fast surface redox reactions (pseudo-capacitors). They can complement or replace batteries in electrical energy storage and harvesting applications, when high power delivery or uptake is needed. A notable improvement in performance has been achieved through recent advances in understanding charge storage mechanisms and the development of advanced nanostructured materials. The discovery that ion desolvation occurs in pores smaller than the solvated ions has led to higher capacitance for electrochemical double layer capacitors using carbon electrodes with subnanometre pores, and opened the door to designing high-energy density devices using a variety of electrolytes. Combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries. The use of carbon nanotubes has further advanced micro-electrochemical capacitors, enabling flexible and adaptable devices to be made. Mathematical modelling and simulation will be the key to success in designing tomorrow's high-energy and high-power devices.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02417326/document

Materials for electrochemical capacitors

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).

/pdf/a-review-of-electrode-materials-for-electrochemical-2cok5em0bo.pdf

A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

Carbon dots (CDs) with tunable photoluminescence (PL) and a quantum yield of up to 35% in water were hydrothermally synthesized in one pot and separated via silica column chromatography. These separated CDs emitted bright and stable luminescence in gradient colors from blue to red under a single-wavelength UV light. They exhibited high optical uniformity; that is, every sample showed only one peak in the PL excitation spectrum, only one peak in the excitation-independent PL emission spectrum, and similar monoexponential fluorescence lifetimes. Although these samples had similar distributions of particle size and graphite structure in their carbon cores, the surface state gradually varied among the samples, especially the degree of oxidation. Therefore, the observed red shift in their emission peaks from 440 to 625 nm was ascribed to a gradual reduction in their band gaps with the increasing incorporation of oxygen species into their surface structures. These energy bands were found to depend on the surfac...

Full-Color Light-Emitting Carbon Dots with a Surface-State-Controlled Luminescence Mechanism.

Sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) with a quantum yield (QY) of 5.5% and nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) with a QY of 54.4% were synthesized, respectively, via the same hydrothermal route using α-lipoic acid as the carbon source. The obtained S-CDs and N,S-CDs had similar sizes but different optical features. The QY of N,S-CDs was gradually enhanced when extending the reaction time to increase the nitrogen content. After careful characterization of these CDs, the doped nitrogen element was believed to be in the form of CN and C–N bonds which enhanced the fluorescence efficiency significantly. Meanwhile, the co-doped sulfur element was found to be synergistic for nitrogen doping in N,S-CDs. The optimal N,S-CDs were successfully employed as good multicolor cell imaging probes due to their fine dispersion in water, excitation-dependent emission, excellent fluorescence stability and low toxicity. Besides, such N,S-CDs showed a wide detection range and excellent accuracy as fluorescent sensors for Fe3+ ions.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots with strong blue luminescence.

The last decade has seen significant achievements in biomedical diagnosis and therapy at the levels of cells and molecules. Nanoparticles with luminescent or magnetic properties are used as detection probes and drug carriers, both in vitro and in vivo. ZnO nanoparticles, due to their good biocompatibility and low cost, have shown promising potential in bioimaging and drug delivery. The recent exciting progress on the biomedical applications of ZnO-based nanomaterials is reviewed here, along with discussions on the advantages and limitations of these advanced materials and suggestions for improving methods.

ZnO nanoparticles applied to bioimaging and drug delivery.

Hydrothermal Synthesis for High-Quality CdTe Nanocrystals

Carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential applications in bioimaging, biomedicine, and optoelectronics. By far, it is still difficult to produce photoluminescence (PL) tunable CDs with high quantum yield (QY) across the entire visible spectrum and narrow the emission peak widths of CDs close to those of typical quantum dots. In this work, a series of CDs with tunable emission from 443 to 745 nm, quantum yield within 13-54%, and narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 108 to 55 nm, are obtained by only adjusting the reaction solvents in a one-pot solvothermal route. The distinct optical features of these CDs are based on their differences in the particle size, and the content of graphitic nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups, which can be modulated by controlling the dehydration and carbonization processes during solvothermal reactions. Blue, green, yellow, red, and even pure white light emitting films (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE)= 0.33, 0.33, QY = 39%) are prepared by dispersing one or three kinds of CDs into polyvinyl alcohol with appropriate ratios. The near-infrared emissive CDs are excellent fluorescent probes for both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging because of their high QY in water, long-term stability, and low cytotoxicity.

Huan-Ming Xiong

Papers

Full-Color Light-Emitting Carbon Dots with a Surface-State-Controlled Luminescence Mechanism.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots with strong blue luminescence.

ZnO nanoparticles applied to bioimaging and drug delivery.

Hydrothermal Synthesis for High-Quality CdTe Nanocrystals

Solvent-Controlled Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots with a Wide Color Gamut and Narrowed Emission Peak Widths.