Ignacio Martínez

TL;DR: Human fossil remains recovered from the TD6 level of the lower Pleistocene cave site of Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain, exhibit a unique combination of cranial, mandibular, and dental traits and are suggested as a new species of Homo-H.

TL;DR: An almost complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a hominin from Sima de los Huesos is determined and it is shown that it is closely related to the lineage leading to mitochondrial genomes of Denisovans, an eastern Eurasian sister group to Neanderthals.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans predates 430,000 years ago, and a mitochondrial DNA recovered from one of the specimens shares the previously described relationship to Denisovan mitochondrial DNAs, suggesting, among other possibilities, that the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of Neanderthal turned over later in their history.

TL;DR: All the European Middle Pleistocene fossils belong to the Neandertal lineage, and none can be included in an Afroeuropean common ancestor of Ne andertals and modern humans.

TL;DR: The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution.