Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://www.seas.upenn.edu/%7Edischer/pdfs/Cell_on_Gel-CELLpaper.pdf

Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.

/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

Normal tissue cells are generally not viable when suspended in a fluid and are therefore said to be anchorage dependent. Such cells must adhere to a solid, but a solid can be as rigid as glass or softer than a baby's skin. The behavior of some cells on soft materials is characteristic of important phenotypes; for example, cell growth on soft agar gels is used to identify cancer cells. However, an understanding of how tissue cells-including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types-sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels (or to other cells) with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues. Key roles in molecular pathways are played by adhesion complexes and the actinmyosin cytoskeleton, whose contractile forces are transmitted through transcellular structures. The feedback of local matrix stiffness on cell state likely has important implications for development, differentiation, disease, and regeneration.

/pdf/tissue-cells-feel-and-respond-to-the-stiffness-of-their-6dx0rumap6.pdf

Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate

measurements of pharyngeal collapsibility The influence of end-expiratory lung volume on

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are challenging to manage, leading to caregiver burden and often to subsequent transfer of patients to a nursing home or psychiatric hospital for treatment. Eliciting favourable positive emotions should be an important goal in the treatment of negative emotions associated with BPSD. To date, no data have indicated that antipsychotic medications can improve positive emotions. BPSD are known to be associated with anxiety in patients with dementia. The traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang is officially indicated and approved for anxiety treatment in Japan.

Traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang improves behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and favourable positive emotions in patients

with cytoskeletal contractile stress Rheology of airway smooth muscle cells is associated

In this paper, for assessment of the viscoelastic property of the arterial wall, a method is proposed for measuring elastic moduli at multiple frequencies by generating the change in internal pressure due to remote cyclic actuation. From basic experiments using a silicone rubber tube, it was found that the change in internal pressure at the ultrasonic beam position (for measurement of the elastic modulus) can be generated by remotely applied actuation. Furthermore, from resultant minute changes in wall thickness of less than 10 /spl mu/m measured by the phased tracking method, elastic moduli were obtained at multiple actuation frequencies.

Measurement of change in thickness of cylindrical shell caused by remote actuation for assessment of viscoelasticity of arterial wall

You might find this additional info useful...This article cites 14 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at:http://jap.physiology.org/content/109/6/1969.full.html#ref-list-1 Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at:http://jap.physiology.org/content/109/6/1969.full.html Additional material and information about Journal of Applied Physiology can be found at:http://www.the-aps.org/publications/japplThis infomation is current as of December 22, 2010.€

James P. Butler

Papers

measurements of pharyngeal collapsibility The influence of end-expiratory lung volume on

Traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang improves behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and favourable positive emotions in patients

with cytoskeletal contractile stress Rheology of airway smooth muscle cells is associated

Measurement of change in thickness of cylindrical shell caused by remote actuation for assessment of viscoelasticity of arterial wall

elite divers Inhalation heterogeneity from subresidual volumes in