Showing papers by "Javier C. Angulo published in 2012"

Mechanisms involved in the aging-induced vascular dysfunction.

Abstract: Vascular aging is a key process determining health status of aged population. Aging is an independent cardiovascular risk factor associated to an impairment of endothelial function, which is a very early and important event leading to cardiovascular disease. Vascular aging, formerly being considered an immutable and inexorable risk factor, is now viewed as a target process for intervention in order to achieve a healthier old age. A further knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the age-related vascular dysfunction is required to design an adequate therapeutic strategy to prevent or restore this impairment of vascular functionality. Among the proposed mechanisms that contribute to age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, this review is focused on the following aspects occurring into the vascular wall: (1) the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, caused by diminished NO synthesis and/or by augmented NO scavenging due to oxidative stress, leading to peroxynitrite formation (ONOO-); (2) the possible sources involved in the enhancement of oxidative stress; (3) the increased activity of cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictor compounds; and (4) the development of a low-grade pro-inflammatory environment. Synergisms and interactions between all these pathways are also analyzed. Finally, a brief summary of some cellular mechanisms related to endothelial cell senescence (including telomere and telomerase, as well as sirtuins) are implemented, as they are likely involved in the age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, as well as in the lower vascular repairing capacity observed in the elderly. Prevention or reversion of those mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction through life style modifications or pharmacological interventions could markedly improve cardiovascular health in older people.

EGF promotes neuroendocrine-like differentiation of prostate cancer cells in the presence of LY294002 through increased ErbB2 expression independent of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway

Abstract: An increased neuroendocrine (NE) cell population in prostate cancer is associated with more aggressive disease and recurrence after androgen-deprivation therapy, although the mechanism responsible is unknown. In this study, we report that the treatment of LNCaP cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of the phosphoinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway, induced an increase of levels and activity of ErbB2. Under these conditions, we also observed cell survival and NE differentiation. When we treated with wortmannin, another PI3K inhibitor, or we knocked down PI3K or AKT isoforms in the presence of EGF, ErbB2 up-regulation was not observed, suggesting that the increase of ErbB2 induced by EGF plus LY294002 is not mediated by the PI3K-Akt pathway. Other targets of LY294002 were also discounted. We also show that ErbB2 up-regulation is directly involved in neuroendocine differentiation but not in cell survival as ErbB2 levels increased in parallel with NE differentiation marker levels, whereas ErbB2 knockdown reduced them; other NE differentiation inducers also increased the ErbB2 levels and the immunohistochemical analysis of prostate cancer samples showed colocalization of ErbB2 and chromogranin A. We found that, in LNCaP cells, EGF in combination with LY294002 increased ErbB2 levels by a PI3K/AKT-independent mechanism and that this increase was associated with the acquisition of a NE phenotype. These results suggest that is worth reconsidering ErbB2 as a drug target in prostate cancer and this should be kept in mind when designing new clinical schedules for the treatment of this disease.

Puesta en marcha de un programa de entrenamiento para laparoscopia urológica por puerto único

Abstract: Resumen Objetivos Describir el inicio de un programa de laparoendoscopia a traves de puerto unico para llevar a cabo la cirugia oncologica de un Servicio de Urologia. Presentamos la experiencia inicial en laboratorio y en animalario con instrumentos precurvados rigidos y elemento de acceso reutilizable tipo KeyPort (Richard Wolf). Material y metodos Dos cirujanos experimentados en cirugia laparoscopica, con la ayuda de 4 ayudantes, llevaron a cabo un programa de entrenamiento mediante tareas predeterminadas en caja de simulacion y en modelo suido, siguiendo los requisitos de la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid para el manejo de animales de experimentacion. Resultados Los participantes en este programa inicialmente se dividieron en parejas compuestas por cirujano experimentado y ayudante para la realizacion de multiples tareas predeterminadas en la caja de simulacion, con intencion de familiarizarse con los instrumentos. Seguidamente se llevaron a cabo 20 sesiones animales en las que se realizaron disecciones ganglionares (pelvica o retroperitoneal) (n = 20), nefrectomias (n = 40), cistorrafias con sutura (n = 20) y anastomosis uterino-vesicales (n = 20). Se registraron los tiempos necesarios para la realizacion de los ejercicios y los principales errores percibidos en la realizacion de cada una de las tareas. Las tareas de complejidad creciente fueron realizadas con el instrumental descrito cada vez en menor tiempo y con menos dificultad. Se preciso un trocar accesorio de 3,5 mm para la realizacion de las suturas in vivo. Conclusiones El abordaje KeyPort tiene aplicacion potencial en diferentes aplicaciones urologicas. Un entrenamiento reglado permite la adquisicion de destrezas y posibilita la implantacion con exito de un programa de cirugia laparoendoscopica en humanos.

Cistectomía radical laparoendoscópica con neovejiga íleal ortotópica a través de puerto único umbilical

Abstract: Resumen Contexto La cistectomia radical con derivacion ortotopica es una de las tecnicas urologicas mas complejas, aunque la cirugia laparoscopica ha hecho posible que este procedimiento sea cada vez menos invasivo. Objetivo Proporcionar una revision actualizada acerca del abordaje a traves de puerto unico para llevar a cabo cirugia radical por cancer de vejiga. Adquisicion de evidencia Se lleva a cabo una revision exhaustiva de la literatura mediante Medline y Embase, para conocer la experiencia acumulada acerca de la viabilidad de llevar a cabo cistectomia radical laparoscopica, linfadenectomia pelvica y neovejiga ortotopica mediante abordaje laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS). Se presenta ademas nuestra experiencia con este abordaje y se describe la tecnica empleada con sistema KeyPort ® reutilizable, desarrollado por Richard Wolf. Sintesis de evidencia Es posible llevar a cabo el tratamiento radical del cancer de vejiga en hombres y en mujeres a traves de puerto unico, e incluso la realizacion de neovejiga ileal como procedimiento reconstructivo en estos pacientes. Se detalla la tecnica quirurgica, los cuidados postoperatorios y el resultado obtenido en nuestro centro. La experiencia acumulada a nivel mundial describe 25 casos de cistectomia radical realizados mediante diferentes sistemas de puerto unico, 14 de ellos completados con neovejiga intestinal ortotopica. Conclusion La cistectomia KeyPort ® umbilical constituye en nuestro entorno la alternativa menos invasiva posible para tratar eficientemente el cancer de vejiga musculo-invasivo, con excelente resultado estetico, minimo dolor postoperatorio y corta estancia hospitalaria. La cicatriz umbilical disminuye los requerimientos analgesicos y acaba siendo practicamente invisible, por lo que supone un paso importante en el desarrollo de la cirugia minimamente invasiva para el cancer vesical.

Pielolitectomía por puerto único umbilical sobre riñón en herradura: una nueva indicación

Abstract: Resumen Introduccion La cirugia laparoscopica a traves de puerto unico es una evolucion de la cirugia laparoscopica que resulta posible gracias al desarrollo tecnologico reciente de nuevos sistemas de acceso. Se trata de una tecnica establecida en el campo de la cirugia minimamente invasiva, pero sus indicaciones en el campo de la Urologia estan desarrollandose en la actualidad. Material y metodos Presentamos la primera pielolitectomia sin incision, a traves de puerto unico colocado en el ombligo, realizada en un paciente varon de 47 anos (IMC: 38,2) con rinon en herradura portador de una litiasis pielica unica de 4 cm de diametro. Se empleo una incision umbilical de 2,5 cm para la introduccion del prototipo de puerto unico reutilizable de Richard Wolf, sin necesidad de elemento auxiliar adicional alguno. Resultados Tras colocacion de doble-J izquierdo se llevo a cabo liberacion del ureter proximal izquierdo y pelvis renal, pielolitectomia y pielorrafia con instrumentos-DuoRotate © (Richard Wolf). Se comprobo estanqueidad de la via urinaria mediante instilacion intravesical de azul de metileno y no se dejo drenaje. El procedimiento duro 280 minutos y el sangrado fue 30 cc. El paciente fue dado de alta a las 24 horas sin dolor alguno. Conclusion La pielolitectomia sin incision es una opcion factible y resolutiva para el tratamiento de la litiasis pielica. En centros con experiencia en cirugia a traves de puerto unico puede considerarse la opcion mas beneficiosa esteticamente hablando, sobre todo en casos especiales como el rinon en herradura.

Treatment of Stargardt disease with dobesilate.

Abstract: Stargardt disease is a common inherited macular degeneration characterised by a significant loss in the central vision during the first or second decade of the life. Bilateral atrophic changes in the central retina are associated with degeneration of photoreceptors and underlying retinal pigment epithelium, and yellow flecks are extending from the macula. We present a patient with Stargardt disease treated with an intravitreal injection of dobesilate, showing an improvement of visual acuity 4 weeks after treatment

Treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration with dobesilate.

Abstract: The authors present anatomical and functional evidences of dry age-macular degeneration improvement, after intravitreal treatment with dobesilate. Main outcomes measures were normalisation of retinal structure and function, assessed by optical coherence tomography, fundus-monitored microperimetry, electrophysiology and visual acuity. The effect might be related to the normalisation of the outer retinal architecture.

Variability of the urological clinical practice in prostate cancer in Spain

Abstract: Objectives To study the opinion of the Spanish urologists regarding the main points in the diagnosis, prevention, quality of life and treatment of prostate cancer. Material and methods An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 290 specialists who represented the urological professional group involved in the management of prostate cancer in Spain. The following were considered in their definition: grade of professional experience, work setting, contractual relation with patient and academic character of the center. The statistical analysis was based on the study of relative frequencies for qualitative variables. The results were interpreted in 2009–2010 and the final report of them was done in 2011. Results Response rate collected and correctly transcribed from the forms was 96.9% ( n = 281). This accounts for 10–15% of the national group. Median age was 47.7 (29–69) years and 92% were men. Mean years of professional experience were 19.1 (1–43). Responses collected regarding 153 questions were analyzed. These dealt with: (a) how the diagnosis of the disease was carried out in the setting of the surveyed; (b) the opinions given on the disease prevention; (c) treatment of the localized treatment; (d) treatment of the advanced disease; and (e) the definition of the fields of interest for the professional. Conclusion This survey showed important variability in some points of clinical practice in regard to the recommendations of the experts. It also shows the principal concerns of the professional, defines opportunities for training improvements and detects needs in the national urological group.

Onset of a training program for single-port laparoscopic urology☆

Abstract: Objectives To describe the onset of a single port laparoendoscopic program to carry out oncology surgery in a Urology Service. We present the initial experience in the laboratory and in the Animal Facility with rigid precurved instruments and KeyPort reusable access element (Richard Wolf). Materials and methods Two surgeons experienced in laparoscopic surgery and with the help of four assistants performed a training program based on predetermined tasks performed in simulation boxes (pelvitrainer) and porcine model following the requirements of the Regional Community of Madrid to handle experimental animals. Results The participants in this program were initially divided into pairs made up of an experienced surgeon and assistant for the predetermined multiple tasks in simulator box in order to become familiarized with the instruments. Then, 20 animal sessions were conducted in which the following were performed: (retroperitoneal or pelvic) lymph node dissections ( n = 20), nephrectomies ( n = 40), cystorrhaphy with suture ( n = 20) and uterine-vesical anastomosis ( n = 20). Time needed to perform the exercises and the principal errors perceived during the performance of each one of the tasks were recorded. The tasks, of growing complexity, were performed with the instruments described in increasingly less time and with less difficulty. An accessory trocar of 3.5 mm was required to perform the in vivo sutures. Conclusions The KeyPort approach has potential application in different urological applications. Standardized training allows the acquirement of skills and makes the successful implementation of a laparoendoscopic surgery program in humans possible.

Umbilical single-port pyelolithectomy on horseshoe kidney: A new indication

Abstract: Introduction Laparoscopic surgery through a single port is an evolution of laparoscopic surgery, possible after recent technological development of new access systems. It is an established minimally invasive technique, although its indications in the field of Urology are currently under development. Materials and methods We present the first case of incision-less pyelolithectomy, performed through a single-port placed in the umbilicus, performed in a 47-year-old male patient (38.2 BMI) with solitary 4-cm-diameter lithiasis in a horseshoe kidney. An umbilical 2.5-cm incision was used for the introduction of a prototype of the reusable Richard Wolf single-port system, without any ancillary elements. Results After placement of left double-J stent proximal left ureter and renal pelvis, pyelolithectomy and pyelorraphy were performed with DuoRotate-Instruments © (Richard Wolf). Water-tightness was demonstrated with methylene blue intravesical instillation and no drain was placed. The procedure lasted for 280 min and bleeding was 30 cm 3 . The patient was discharged 24 h later without pain. Conclusion Incision-less pyelolithectomy is a feasible and resolutive option to treat pelvic lithiasis. It can be considered the most beneficial option in esthetical terms in experienced centers, especially in peculiar cases like horseshoe kidney.

Short-term efficacy of intravitreal dobesilate in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Abstract: Purpose To report the anatomic and functional outcome of intravitreal dobesilate to treat recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Clearance of seborrhoeic keratoses with topical dobesilate.

Abstract: A patient with two seborrhoeic keratoses in the face received a single daily application of dobesilate cream during 6 months. Dobesilate achieved complete clearance of the seborrhoeic keratosis lesions with good cosmoses, suggesting that this compound is a safe and efficient candidate in the treatment of seborrhoeic keratoses.

Age-related efficacy of the selective ß3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB): pooled analysis of three prospective, randomised Phase III studies in patients aged >= 65 years

Abstract: 1. St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College, Urogynaecology Department, London, UK, 2. Infanta Leonor Hospital, Department of Urology, Madrid, Spain, 3. Hospital Universitario De Getafe, Department of Urology, Madrid, Spain, 4. NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Urology, New York, NY, USA, 5. University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Toronto, Canada, 6. Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands, 7. Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Biostatistics, Deerfield, IL, USA, 8. Astellas Pharma Global Development ,Global Medical Sciences, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands, 9. Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Staines, Middlesex, UK, 10. Astellas Scientific and Medical Affairs, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA

Chronic cystoid macular oedema treated with intravitreal dobesilate

Abstract: Dobesilate is an anti-inflammatory and antipermeability agent. Intravitreal administration of this compound is a therapeutically beneficial agent in the treatment of chronic cystoid macular oedema.

Topical dobesilate eye drops for ophthalmic primary pterygium.

Abstract: Selective inhibition of fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathways is effective in causing regression of pterygia. Prompt regression of fibrovascular mass and conjunctival angiogenesis was documented 2 weeks after topical administration of dobesilate eye drops twice daily. At 3-month follow-up, no recurrence was seen and no ocular irritation and burning were noted. The authors believe that this is the first known successful use of topical dobesilate in primary pterygium.

Treatment of Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinomas by inhibiting the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-3 Signalling Pathways

Abstract: Over-expression of FGF/STAT-3 signalling pathways or aberrant regulation of their activities has been implicated in many forms of human malignancies, including skin neoplasms. Therefore, targeting FGF/STAT-3 signalling pathways represents an attractive strategy for development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) treatment by simultaneously inhibiting tumor cell growth and survival, and also tumor angiogenesis. Here, we describe the efficacy of a safe, potent and selective FGF inhibitor –dobesilate- in BCC patients. Anti-tumor effect of dobesilate correlates with promotion of apoptosis, and inhibition of both cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our data support dobesilate as an agent for chemoprevention and therapy of skin cancers by inhibiting FGF/STAT-3 oncogenic signalling axis.

Efficacy of mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder (OAB): Pre-specified analysis of three randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III studies

Abstract: 1. NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Urology, New York, NY, USA, 2. University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3. St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College, Urogynaecology Department, London, UK, 4. Infanta Leonor Hospital, Department of Urology, Madrid, Spain, 5. Hospital Universitario De Getafe, Department of Urology, Madrid, Spain, 6. Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Global Data Science – Biostatistics, Deerfield, IL, USA, 7. Astellas Pharma Global Development – EU, Global Medical Science – Urology, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands, 8. Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd, Staines, Middlesex, UK, 9. Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands, 10. Astellas Scientific and Medical Affairs Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA

Laparoendoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder through umbilical single port

Abstract: Context Radical cystectomy with orthotopic derivation is one of the most complex urological techniques, although laparoscopic surgery has made this procedure increasingly less invasive. Objective To provide an updated review of the single port approach to carry out radical surgery due to bladder cancer. Evidence acquisition A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using Medline and Embase to discover the accumulated experience of the viability of carrying out laparoendoscopic radical cystectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and orthotopic neobladder using the LESS (laparoendoscopic single site surgery) approach. Our experience with this approach is also presented and the technique used with the reusable KeyPort® system developed by Richard Wolf is described. Evidence synthesis Radical treatment of bladder cancer is possible in men and women using a single port and even performance of ileal neobladder, as reconstructive procedure in these patients. The surgical technique, post-operative cares and result obtained in our center are described. The accumulated experience worldwide describes 25 cases of radical cystectomy performed using different single port systems, 14 of them with orthotopic intestinal neobladder. Conclusion The KeyPort® umbilical cystectomy constitutes in our setting the least possible invasive alternative to efficiently treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer, with excellent esthetic result, minimum post-operative pain and short hospital stay. The umbilical scar decreases the analgesic requirements and it ends up being practically invisible. This supposes an important step in the development of the minimally invasive surgery for bladder cancer.

Umbilical KeyPort bilateral laparoscopic orchiectomy in patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Abstract: MAIN FINDINGS: A 22-year-old woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) presenting with primary amenorrhea and normal female external genitalia was referred for laparoscopic gonadectomy. She had been diagnosed several years earlier but was reluctant to undergo surgery. CASE HYPOTHESIS: Diagnosis of this X-linked recessive inherited syndrome characterizes by disturbance of virilization in males with an AR mutation, XY karyotipe, female genitalia and severely undescended testis with risk of malignization. The optimal time to orchidectomy is not settled; neither the real risk of malignancy in these patients. Early surgery impacts development of a complete female phenotype, with enlargement of the breasts. Based on modern diagnostic imaging using DCE-MRI and surgical technology with single port laparoscopic access we hypothesize that the optimum time for gonadectomy is not at the time of diagnosis, but once feminization has completed. PROMISING FUTURE IMPLICATIONS: An umbilical laparoendoscopic single-site access for bilateral gonadectomy appears to be the first choice approach as leaves no visible incision and diminishes the psychological impact of surgery in a patient with CAIS absolutely reassured as female. KeyPort, a single port access with duo-rotate instruments developed by Richard Wolf facilitates this surgery and allows excellent cosmetic results.

Clinical versatility of the inflammatory pseudotumor in urology

Abstract: Objective The inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare lesion, having benign behavior and some histological heterogeneity that appears in the genitourinary tract. A series of urogenital inflammatory pseudotumors are reviewed with emphasis on their clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Materials and methods A retrospective study on the causistics treated between January 1981 and December 2010 was performed. It identified the cases of inflammatory pseudotumor with urogenital localization. The variables age, gender, symptoms, topography, treatment and anatomopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of each case were analyzed. Results A total of 8 cases of the urogenital-located inflammatory pseudotumor are described. Of these, 6 were located in the bladder, one in the kidney and one in the epididymis. Mean age of the patients was 46.75 (±19.84) years. Tumor presentation symptoms were macroscopic hematuria, single symptom or accompanied by symptoms of the lower urinary tract and inguinoscrotal mass. With regard to treatment in the cases of bladder localization, transuretheral ± cystectomy were performed. In the case of kidney localization, treatment was made by means of pyelotomy and exeresis, and in the case of epididymis localization, simple exeresis was performed. The anatomopathological study showed inflammatory pseudotumor in every case, having a mesenchymal and myxoid appearance, with fusiform cells of eosinophil cytoplasm, with presence of frequent inflammatory cells. The most common immunohistochemical pattern shows positivity for the muscle-specific actin (HHF-35), vimentin and negativity for protein S-100. ALK-1 was positive in 87.5% of the cases. Conclusion The inflammatory pseudotumor is a condition having good prognosis which, when there is a good histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis, every urologist should recognize and distinguish in order to carry out as conservative a surgical treatment as possible.

Versatilidad clínica del pseudotumor inflamatorio en Urología

Abstract: Resumen Objetivo El pseudotumor inflamatorio es una lesion rara, de comportamiento benigno y cierta heterogeneidad histologica que aparece en el tracto genitourinario. Se revisan una serie de pseudotumores inflamatorios urogenitales poniendo especial enfasis en sus caracteristicas clinico-patologicas e inmunohistoquimicas. Material y metodos Analisis retrospectivo de la casuistica tratada entre enero de 1981 y diciembre de 2010 que identifica los casos de pseudotumor inflamatorio de localizacion urogenital. Se analizan las variables edad, sexo, clinica, topografia y tratamiento, y las caracteristicas anatomopatologicas e inmunohistoquimicas de cada caso. Resultados Se describen un total de 8 casos de pseudotumor inflamatorio de localizacion urogenital, de los cuales 6 se localizaron en la vejiga, uno en el rinon y uno en el epididimo. La edad media de los pacientes fue 46,75 (± 19,84) anos. Los sintomas de presentacion tumoral fueron hematuria macroscopica, monosintomatica o acompanada de sintomatologia del tracto urinario inferior y masa inguino-escrotal. En cuanto al tratamiento en los casos de localizacion vesical se realizo reseccion transuretral ± cistectomia; el caso de localizacion renal se trato mediante pielotomia y exeresis y el de localizacion epididimaria mediante exeresis simple. El estudio anatomopatologico evidencio pseudotumor inflamatorio en todos los casos, de aspecto mesenquimal y mixoide con celulas fusiformes de citoplasma eosinofilo, con presencia de frecuentes celulas inflamatorias. El patron inmunohistoquimico mas comun mostro positividad para actina musculo-especifica (HHF-35), vimentina y negatividad para proteina S-100. ALK-1 resulto positivo en el 87,5% de los casos. Conclusion El pseudotumor inflamatorio es una entidad de buen pronostico que, con un buen diagnostico histopatologico e inmunohistoquimico, todo urologo debe conocer y distinguir para realizar un tratamiento quirurgico tan conservador como sea posible.

Topical Treatment of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Potassium Dobesilate Cream

Abstract: Skin squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common skin cancer arises from the malignant proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. Although it is locally invasive, surgical excision or topical therapy is usually curative. However, surgical management of skin squamous cell carcinoma located in certain regions of the body may require reconstructive procedures. This can result in significant scarring and increased morbidity and dysfunction. Topical therapy may be preferable to surgery depending on anatomic localizations, and in instances where patients reject it or are poor surgical candidates. Fibroblast growth factors are variously implicated in skin tumorigenesis where they may be involved in the enhancement of tumor cell proliferation and viability, induction of angiogenesis and stimulation of tumor invasiveness. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the fibroblast growth factor inhibitor, dobesilate, administered as a 2.5% potassium cream, for the treatment of skin squamous cell carcinoma. Two months application of dobesilate cleared squamous cell carcinoma probably due to inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. No local side effects were observed in relation with treatment. This report highlights the need for efficient and safe topical therapies in the management of skin neoplasms and supports the use of potassium dobesilate in non-melanoma skin cancers treatment