Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis.

Genus Panax, as worldwide medicinal plants, has a medical history for thousands of years. Most of the entire genus are traditional ethnobotanical medicine in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and L...

Application of Identification and Evaluation Techniques for Ethnobotanical Medicinal Plant of Genus Panax: A Review.

Effective cancer therapy is one of the biggest global challenges. Conventional cancer therapies have been at the forefront of combating cancers, but more evidence showed considerable side effects, limiting their use. There are various new therapies in development, but combined approaches for treating cancer are much expected. Natural herbs had been traditionally in use for cancer therapy in most parts of the world. In this review, we have examined ten commonly used Chinese herbs that have, for centuries, shown effectiveness in treating cancers. They demonstrated the abilities to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibit their metastasis, activate the patient’s anticancer immunity, and synergistically increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy when used in combination. Clinical experiences had proved that these herbs and their bioactive compounds were effective against a plethora of cancers through a variety of mechanisms, effectively improving patients’ quality of life without significant side effects. These advantages indicate that there are huge potentials in the development of Chinese herbs into cancer medicine as part of a promising, holistic cancer treatment modality.

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Therapeutic Effects of Ten Commonly Used Chinese Herbs and Their Bioactive Compounds on Cancers.

The prevalence of individuals who are overweight or obese is rising rapidly globally. Currently, majority of drugs used to treat obesity are ineffective or are accompanied by obvious side effects; hence, the options are very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to find more effective and safer anti-obesity drugs. It has been proven in vivo and in vitro that the active ingredient notoginsenosides isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen exhibits anti-obesity effects. Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. Although notoginsenosides are potential drugs for the treatment of obesity, their effects and mechanisms have not been analyzed in depth. In this review, the anti-obesity potential and mechanism of action of notoginsenosides were analyzed; thus laying emphasis on the timely prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins and Major Anti-Obesity Components on Weight Loss.

A β‐1,3‐glucanase gene from Panax notoginseng confers resistance in tobacco to Fusarium solani

Panax, a genus of the Araliaceae family, is an important herbal group in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Nine species and three varieties are included in the genus of Panax, in which nearly all species have been used for medicinal purposes Among them, Panax notoginseng (Burk) F H Chen, Panax ginseng C A Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L are the most representative and valuable herbs world-wide, with a long history of cultivation As the main bioactive chemical constituents, saponins with different aglycones are the major components in various Panax spp, and their pharmacological activities are mainly reflected in the effects on blood system, cardio- and cerebro-vascular systems, nervous system, metabolism, and immune regulation Researchers of Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), have put many efforts into conducting the investigations on Panax species Herein, we reviewed the research progress on Panax spp in KIB, CAS, over the past few decades, from the aspects of history and origin, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities

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Research of Panax spp. in Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.

New hydroperoxylated and 20,24-epoxylated dammarane triterpenes from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng.

Four new protopanaxatriol-type triterpenes (1–2) and glucosides (3–4), were isolated from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) Chen, along with four known ones (5–8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, NMR, UV, IR, and OR) and acidic hydrolysis. The possible transformation pathway of these compounds were also speculated from ginsenoside Rg1. Compound 1, with a unique α,β-unsaturated ketene in its side chain, showed significant inhibitory effects against NO production on Murine macrophage cells (IC50 = 4.12 ± 0.20 μM) and comparable cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines (myeloid leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A-549 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721, breast cancer MCF-7, and colon cancer SW480) to positive control, cisplatin (DDP).

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Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Triterpenes from the Rot Roots of Panax notoginseng

Continuous cropping obstacle, mainly caused by microorganisms and organic components in soil, has become a serious problem for the plantation of Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) due to the rapidly increased demands of this famous herbal medicine in recent decades. The rhizosphere soils cultivated with 3-year-old healthy and ill notoginseng were chemically investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared with the corresponding soils without the plantation of notoginseng. Totally 47 liposoluble components were identified. Furthermore, the multiple statistical analysis showed that these constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively associated with the differences between the cultivated soil with P. notoginseng and the uncultivated soil. Among them, neophytadiene (4), D-α-tocopherol (38), (3β,22E,24S)-ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol (39), (3β,24R)-ergost-5-en-3-ol (40), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (41), stigmast-4-en-3-one (44) and (5α)-stigmastane-3,6-dione (47) contributed most to the significant differences between the cultivated and uncultivated soils, whereas cyclopentadecane (3), octadecanoic acid methyl ester (16), docosanoic acid ethyl ester (31), nonacosane (34), 38 and 39 were found in much higher amount in the soils with ill P. notoginseng as compared to the case of those with the healthy P. notoginseng. On the other hand, liposoluble components in different cultivation areas were of great diversity; however, they were able to remain relatively consistent across the overall trend of differential substances.

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GC-MS-based identification and statistical analysis of liposoluble components in the rhizosphere soils of Panax notoginseng

The invention provides secondary metabolites 1-7 of panax notoginseng with root rot, a preparation method of the secondary metabolites 1-7, a pharmaceutical composition using the secondary metabolites1-7 as an active ingredient, and applications of the secondary metabolites 1-7 and the pharmaceutical composition in preparation of a medicine for preventing inflammatory diseases and preparation ofa medicine for treating the inflammatory diseases. The method provided by the invention mainly adopts the phytochemical research manner to obtain the above compounds 1-7 from the panax notoginseng with the root rot, and prepares the solid, liquid or pasty dosage form; and the anti-inflammatory compounds obtained by the method are natural products and are non-toxic and harmless to human cells.

Secondary metabolites of panax notoginseng with root rot, preparation method of secondary metabolites and applications of secondary metabolites in preparation of medicines

Jia-Huan Shang

Papers

Research of Panax spp. in Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.

New hydroperoxylated and 20,24-epoxylated dammarane triterpenes from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng.

Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Triterpenes from the Rot Roots of Panax notoginseng

GC-MS-based identification and statistical analysis of liposoluble components in the rhizosphere soils of Panax notoginseng

Secondary metabolites of panax notoginseng with root rot, preparation method of secondary metabolites and applications of secondary metabolites in preparation of medicines