Study of H2AzTO-based energetic metal-organic frameworks for catalyzing the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Cu-MOF derived Cu/Cu2O/C nanocomposites for the efficient thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

In recent years, the development of novel advanced high-energy density materials has significantly shifted toward nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives, which demonstrate a great potential for multipurpose application patterns. Among known heterocycles hydroxytetrazole is of special importance due to its high nitrogen-oxygen content and a possibility to serve as anion counterpart and to form a diverse array of organic and inorganic energetic salts. In this review, we summarized the main achievements on the synthesis and performance of hydroxytetrazole-based energetic materials. Potential applications of the presented high-energy compounds and their environmental compatibility are especially emphasized.

High-energy hydroxytetrazoles: Design, synthesis and performance

Effect of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 composite on the combustion and catalytic decomposition of energetic materials: An efficient catalyst with g-C3N4 carrier

A fast and mild method to prepare d-Ti3C2Tx/ZnO composites at room temperature with excellent catalytic performance

The layer-by-layer assembly of molecules is ubiquitous in nature. Highly ordered structures formed in this manner often exhibit fascinating material properties. A layer hydrogen bonding pairing approach allows the development of tunable energetic materials with targeted properties. A series of unusual energetic compounds based on 1H,1′H-5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (1), such as the salts of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (2), aminoguanidinium (3), and hydrazinium (4), and the cocrystals of 4-amino-1H-pyrazole (5), 2-methylimidazole (6), and imidazole (7), were synthesized using this strategy. The structures of the obtained products 2–7 were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Their thermal decomposition behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Their mechanical sensitivities and detonation performances were also analyzed in detail. Results show that products 2–7 exhibit higher density, better detonation performances, and more excellent sensitivities than those of the same species of cation salts previously reported.

Novel strategies for synthesizing energetic materials based on BTO with improved performances

Two novel 2D energetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Pb(BTF)(H2O)2]n (1) and [Ba(BTF)(H2O)4]n (2), that possess the combined advantages of tetrazole and furazan rings were successfully synthesized. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fully characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Their thermal stability and sensitivity were also investigated. The MOFs have good thermal stability (Tdec > 250 °C) and are insensitive to impact (IS > 25 J) and friction (FS > 360 N), and also have good oxygen balance (Ω > -20%). Crystal structure analyses reveal that the two compounds have densities up to 3.382 g cm-3 and 2.336 g cm-3, respectively, and excellent physicochemical properties. Tetrazole and furazan rings as ligands can commendably increase the densities and oxygen balance of energetic MOFs, thereby enhancing their detonation performance. We anticipate that this work will open a new direction for the development of energetic MOFs. Moreover, (1) exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for ammonium perchlorate (AP). When the supramolecular complex was added in 10 wt% amount, the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP advanced by 95 °C and the reaction rates enhanced by lowering the activation energy.

Novel energetic metal–organic frameworks assembled from the energetic combination of furazan and tetrazole

Rare-earth supramolecular complex with 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate ligand: Synthesis, structure, thermostability, and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

π-Stacking is common in materials, but different π-π stacking modes remarkably affect the properties and performances of materials. In particular, weak interactions, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding, often have a great impact on the stability and sensitivity of high-energetic compounds. Therefore, several of energetic materials based on 1,1'-dihydroxyazotetrazole (1) with a nearly flat structure, such as the salts of aminoguanidine (2), 1,3-diaminoguanidine (3), imidazole (4), pyrazole (5) and triaminoguanidine (6), and a cocrystal of 2-methylimidazole (7), were designed and synthesized. Based on single-crystal diffraction data, thermal decomposition behaviors, and the mechanical sensitivity test, the compounds of 4, 5, and 7 with face-to-face π-π stacking display outstanding thermal stability and insensitivity.

Jinhao Zhang

Papers

Study of H2AzTO-based energetic metal-organic frameworks for catalyzing the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Novel strategies for synthesizing energetic materials based on BTO with improved performances

Novel energetic metal–organic frameworks assembled from the energetic combination of furazan and tetrazole

Rare-earth supramolecular complex with 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate ligand: Synthesis, structure, thermostability, and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Series of AzTO-Based Energetic Materials: Effect of Different π-π Stacking Modes on Their Thermal Stability and Sensitivity.