Introduction Cationic domino reactions Anionic domino reactions Radical domino reactions Pericyclic domino reactions Photochemically induced domino processes Transition metal catalysis Domino reactions initiated by oxidation or reduction Enzymes in domino reactions Multicomponent reactions Special techniques in domino reactions

Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis

Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography.

Structural diversity and chemical trends in hybrid inorganic–organic framework materials

Two types (imine and boronate) of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) having a porphyrin unit have been synthesized. The two highly crystalline porphyrin COFs (COF-366 and COF-66) display excellent chemical and thermal stability and are permanently porous. Two-dimensional extended layered structures of the two COFs demonstrate very high charge carrier mobility values (8.1 cm2 V−1 s−1).

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Covalent Organic Frameworks with High Charge Carrier Mobility

Functional organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted increasing attention in the past few years due to their wide variety of potential applications. Research on functional OFETs underpins future advances in organic electronics. In this review, different types of functional OFETs including organic phototransistors, organic memory FETs, organic light emitting FETs, sensors based on OFETs and other functional OFETs are introduced. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of this field, the history, current status of research, main challenges and prospects for functional OFETs are all discussed.

Functional organic field-effect transistors.

A Nitrogen Dioxide Sensor Based on an Organic Transistor Constructed from Amorphous Semiconducting Polymers

Analysis of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and amine degradation products in vegetable extracts and blood plasma by LC-MS/MS.

Porous polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS)-based network polymers are prepared using hydrosilation copolymerisation reactions of a silyl-functionalised POSS molecule with a vinyl-functionalised moiety. Characterisation of these solids show them to possess pore structures in the mesoporous regime, and polymers with longer organic linking groups showing evidence of flexible wall structures. Functionalisation of the polymers is carried out by reaction with triflic acid or sodium hydroxide, followed by incorporation of CpTiCl3. EXAFS spectroscopy results are consistent with the titanium being coordinated to the oxygen atoms that make up part of a POSS unit.

Synthesis of functionalised porous network silsesquioxane polymers

Electronic noses (e-noses) are increasingly being used as vapour sensors in a range of application areas. E-noses made up of arrays of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are particularly valuable due the range and diversity of the information which they provide concerning analyte binding. This study demonstrates that arrays of OFETs, when combined with a data analysis technique using Genetic Programming (GP), can selectively detect airborne analytes in real time. The use of multiple parameters – on resistance, off current and mobility – collected from multiple transistors coated with different semiconducting polymers gives dramatic improvements in the sensitivity (true positive rate), specificity (true negative rate) and speed of sensing. Computer-controlled data collection allows the identification of analytes in real-time, with a time-lag between exposure and detection of the order of 4 s.

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Real-time vapour sensing using an OFET-based electronic nose and genetic programming

Triarylamine polymers can be rapidly assembled by microwave-assisted amination of aryldibromides. A series of polymers are reported with backbones containing 4,4′-biphenyl, 2.9-fluorene and 3,6-carbazole repeating units. These polymers have been used to fabricate organic field-effect transistors. The devices show very stable operation under ambient conditions and p-type mobilities up to 2.3 × 10−3 cm2V−1 s−1, close to the highest mobility reported to date for this class of amorphous semiconductors.

/pdf/triarylamine-polymers-by-microwave-assisted-polycondensation-313a9z1ivd.pdf

John J. Morrison

Papers

A Nitrogen Dioxide Sensor Based on an Organic Transistor Constructed from Amorphous Semiconducting Polymers

Analysis of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and amine degradation products in vegetable extracts and blood plasma by LC-MS/MS.

Synthesis of functionalised porous network silsesquioxane polymers

Real-time vapour sensing using an OFET-based electronic nose and genetic programming

Triarylamine polymers by microwave-assisted polycondensation for use in organic field-effect transistors†