1.0. Introduction 4044 2.0. Biomass Chemistry and Growth Rates 4047 2.1. Lignocellulose and Starch-Based Plants 4047 2.2. Triglyceride-Producing Plants 4049 2.3. Algae 4050 2.4. Terpenes and Rubber-Producing Plants 4052 3.0. Biomass Gasification 4052 3.1. Gasification Chemistry 4052 3.2. Gasification Reactors 4054 3.3. Supercritical Gasification 4054 3.4. Solar Gasification 4055 3.5. Gas Conditioning 4055 4.0. Syn-Gas Utilization 4056 4.1. Hydrogen Production by Water−Gas Shift Reaction 4056

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Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering.

Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis

Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: A review

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment

Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbons

Pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic materials—three independent reactions model

Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on activated carbons with different surface chemistries.

A series of manganese oxides differing in the structure, composition, average manganese oxidation state and specific surface area have been used in the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Ethanol, ethyl acetate and toluene were chosen as models of VOC. Among the manganese oxides tested, cryptomelane (KMn8O16) was found to be very active in the oxidation of VOC. The performance of cryptomelane was significantly affected by the presence of other phases, namely, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4. Temperature-programmed experiments combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that the mobility and reactivity of the oxygen species were significantly affected, explaining the catalytic performances of those samples. Mn3O4 improves the catalytic performance due to the increase of the reactivity and mobility of lattice oxygen, while Mn2O3 has the opposite effect. These results show that there is a correlation between the redox properties and the catalytic performance of the manganese oxides. Temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR) after adsorption of toluene or ethanol, in addition to reactions performed without oxygen in the feed, show that lattice oxygen is involved in the VOC oxidation mechanism. The conversion level was found to be influenced by the type of VOC, the reactivity into CO2 increasing in the following order: Toluene

José J.M. Órfão

Papers

Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbons

Pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic materials—three independent reactions model

Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes on activated carbons with different surface chemistries.

The role of lattice oxygen on the activity of manganese oxides towards the oxidation of volatile organic compounds

Adsorption of dyes on activated carbons: influence of surface chemical groups