THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been providing exciting technologies for the development of functional substitutes aimed to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Inspired by the hierarchical nature of bone, nanostructured biomaterials are gaining a singular attention for tissue engineering, owing their ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and hence new bone growth, compared with conventional microsized materials. Of particular interest are nanocomposites involving biopolymeric matrices and bioactive nanosized fillers. Biodegradability, high mechanical strength, and osteointegration and formation of ligamentous tissue are properties required for such materials. Biopolymers are advantageous due to their similarities with extracellular matrices, specific degradation rates, and good biological performance. By its turn, calcium phosphates possess favorable osteoconductivity, resorbability, and biocompatibility. Herein, an overview on the available natural polymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite materials, their design, and properties is presented. Scaffolds, hydrogels, and fibers as biomimetic strategies for tissue engineering, and processing methodologies are described. The specific biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with cells, including the use of bioactive molecules, are highlighted. Nanocomposites in vivo studies using animal models are also reviewed and discussed.

/pdf/natural-based-nanocomposites-for-bone-tissue-engineering-and-59ef2n4b43.pdf

Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review.

Significance of calcium phosphate coatings for the enhancement of new bone osteogenesis – A review ☆

https://web.iitd.ac.in/~sghosh08/publications/actabio2015.pdf

Silk fibroin as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

Biorefineries in circular bioeconomy: A comprehensive review

Electrospun composites of PHBV, silk fibroin and nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering.

Due to the nature of the high velocity oxy-fuel thermal spray process, residual stress build up in thick deposits is a significant and a limiting problem. The residual stress-state that evolves in a deposit is largely dependent on the thermal conditions to which the system has been subjected, and is a combination of quenching stresses, which arise during deposition, and cooling stresses, post-deposition. It follows that precise control of these phenomena is essential, if a thick deposit is to be thermally sprayed. This paper applies an analytical technique to calculate residual stress in thermally sprayed deposits based on geometric properties. Residual stress results for WC–Co (tungsten carbide–cobalt) samples are compared to experimental results (X-ray diffraction and hole-drilling method). A change in deposit stress-state from tensile to compressive stress with deposit thickness is analysed in terms of quenching and cooling stresses.

Residual stress in HVOF thermally sprayed thick deposits

Pretreatment of macroalgal biomass for biogas production

The minimization of cost and the enhancement of reliability of rotating and stationary fluid machinery equipment that are subjected to highly erosive and corrosive environments is mandatory in the oil and gas production industries. This can be achieved by minimizing the material damage resulting from the combination of solid particle impingement and corrosion. The high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process is one method of producing metallic coatings to protect metallic surfaces from high temperature, wear, and corrosive environments. Stainless steel components coated with Inconel-625 are very common in the oil/gas industry. In this study, the erosion–corrosion characteristics of HVOF thermally sprayed Inconel-625 powder coatings were evaluated when applied on three different metallic surfaces: (a) plain stainless steel (SS), (b) spot-welded stainless steel (SW-SS), and (c) a composite surface of stainless steel and carbon steel welded together (C-SS-CS). These coated surfaces were tested in a jet impingement rig under two fluid conditions: (i) free from added solids, (ii) containing 1% silica sand. Weight loss measurements were used to provide a measure of the amount of material loss that each coated surface experienced, and the influence of time during impingement testing was taken into consideration. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of the coating before and after the erosion–corrosion test were examined using the SEM and EDS techniques. The results indicated that the coating over both spot-welded and plain stainless steel surfaces exhibited a similar degree of weight loss. However, the coating on the composite surface experienced a greater degree of weight loss. Microscopic observations of the fracture surfaces showed that the metal removal of the tested surface was concentrated around the unmelted and the semi-melted particles of the deposit.

The erosion–corrosion behaviour of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermally sprayed inconel-625 coatings on different metallic surfaces

In order to encourage industrial growth based on sustainability, the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources has gained global importance. Anaerobic digestion (AD) fulfils the requirements for a sustainable alternative fuel, and is also an environmentally friendly waste treatment method. It requires less energy than other methods such as gasification or pyrolysis due to its low operating temperature. Whiskey distillery and brewery waste streams are classed as high strength organic wastes due to their high BOD/COD content, thus rendering them a suitable feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Due to large global alcohol production, millions of tonnes of solid and liquid waste is discharged annually, so the potential for waste-to-energy conversion can make anaerobic digestion an attractive treatment option for the waste streams of distilleries and breweries rather than diversion to landfill or incineration. However, these waste streams are lignocellulosic, containing high fractions of lignin and crystalline cellulose, meaning pre-treatments prior to anaerobic digestion can significantly enhance the biogas yield and organic matter degradation. Acid pre-treatment and enzymatic pre-treatment are particularly promising, with improvement in quality up to 74% CH4 for AD of spent grain, with 16% increase in biogas yield, and up to 87% reduction in COD. However, industrial application of pre-treatments prior to anaerobic digestion remains limited. This review collates the literature to date on pre-treatments applied prior to anaerobic digestion of whiskey distillery/brewery wastes as well as current industrial practices and different reactor configurations. A particular focus is placed on the impact of pre-treatments on biogas yield in order to highlight potential enhancements in biogas yields for industrial implications.

/pdf/pre-treatments-to-enhance-biogas-yield-and-quality-from-3dlz9ixenv.pdf

Joseph Stokes

Papers

Electrospun composites of PHBV, silk fibroin and nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering.

Residual stress in HVOF thermally sprayed thick deposits

Pretreatment of macroalgal biomass for biogas production

The erosion–corrosion behaviour of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermally sprayed inconel-625 coatings on different metallic surfaces

Pre-treatments to enhance biogas yield and quality from anaerobic digestion of whiskey distillery and brewery wastes: A review