http://www.managingforimpact.org/sites/default/files/case/stilgoe_owen_macnaghten_2013_developing_a_framework_for_responsible_innovation.pdf

Developing a framework for responsible innovation

‡We describe the use of singular value decomposition in transforming genome-wide expression data from genes 3 arrays space to reduced diagonalized ‘‘eigengenes’’ 3 ‘‘eigenarrays’’ space, where the eigengenes (or eigenarrays) are unique orthonormal superpositions of the genes (or arrays). Normalizing the data by filtering out the eigengenes (and eigenarrays) that are inferred to represent noise or experimental artifacts enables meaningful comparison of the expression of different genes across different arrays in different experiments. Sorting the data according to the eigengenes and eigenarrays gives a global picture of the dynamics of gene expression, in which individual genes and arrays appear to be classified into groups of similar regulation and function, or similar cellular state and biological phenotype, respectively. After normalization and sorting, the significant eigengenes and eigenarrays can be associated with observed genome-wide effects of regulators, or with measured samples, in which these regulators are overactive or underactive, respectively.

Singular Value Decomposition for Genome-Wide Expression Data Processing and Modeling

http://sergiorosendo.pbworks.com/f/Wunder+et+al+2008+payments+for+environmental+services.pdf

Taking stock: A comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries

https://webpages.uidaho.edu/fish511/readings/readings 2010/energy of invertebrates.pdf

Energy Homeostasis as an Integrative Tool for Assessing Limits of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Aquatic Invertebrates

Many of the services supplied by nature are externalities. Economic theory suggests that some form of subsidy or contracting between the beneficiaries and the providers could result in an o...

Show Me the Money: Do Payments Supply Environmental Services in Developing Countries?

We evaluated the intention, implementation, and impact of Costa Rica's program of payments for environmental services (PSA), which was established in the late 1990s. Payments are given to private landowners who own land in forest areas in recognition of the ecosystem services their land provides. To characterize the distribution of PSA in Costa Rica, we combined remote sensing with geographic information system databases and then used econometrics to explore the impacts of payments on deforestation. Payments were distributed broadly across ecological and socioeconomic gradients, but the 1997-2000 deforestation rate was not significantly lower in areas that received payments. Other successful Costa Rican conservation policies, including those prior to the PSA program, may explain the current reduction in deforestation rates. The PSA program is a major advance in the global institutionalization of ecosystem investments because few, if any, other countries have such a conservation history and because much can be learned from Costa Rica's experiences.

/pdf/costa-rica-s-payment-for-environmental-services-program-2gd7qnvshq.pdf

Costa Rica's Payment for Environmental Services Program: Intention, Implementation, and Impact

Rhythms of gene expression in a fluctuating intertidal environment.

A credible approach for measuring inframarginal participation in energy efficiency programs

This paper measures the effects of bankruptcy protection on industry structure and environmental outcomes in oil and gas extraction. Using administrative data from Texas, I exploit variation in an insurance requirement that reduced firms' ability to avoid liability through bankruptcy. Among small firms, the policy substantially improved environmental outcomes and reduced production. Most production was reallocated to larger firms with better environmental records, but high-cost production where social cost may have exceeded social benefit decreased. These results suggest that incomplete internalization of environmental costs due to bankruptcy is an important determinant of industry structure and safety effort in hazardous industries.

https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/aer.20160346

Judson Boomhower

Papers

Costa Rica's Payment for Environmental Services Program: Intention, Implementation, and Impact

Rhythms of gene expression in a fluctuating intertidal environment.

A credible approach for measuring inframarginal participation in energy efficiency programs

Drilling Like There's No Tomorrow: Bankruptcy, Insurance, and Environmental Risk

The Need for Climate Engineering Research