Showing papers by "Jussi Vahtera published in 2023"
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the impact of 12 land cover classes and two greenness indices around homes at birth on the development of doctor-diagnosed eczema by the age of 2.
Abstract: Urban‐related nature exposures are suggested to contribute to the rising prevalence of allergic diseases despite little supporting evidence. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of 12 land cover classes and two greenness indices around homes at birth on the development of doctor‐diagnosed eczema by the age of 2 years, and the influence of birth season.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors quantified the short and long-term risk of major cardiovascular events in people with severe infection and estimated the population-attributable fraction, which is defined as myocardial infarction, cardiac death, or fatal or nonfatal stroke.
Abstract: Background: The excess risk of cardiovascular disease associated with a wide array of infectious diseases is unknown. We quantified the short- and long-term risk of major cardiovascular events in people with severe infection and estimated the population-attributable fraction. Methods: We analyzed data from 331 683 UK Biobank participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline (2006–2010) and replicated our main findings in an independent population from 3 prospective cohort studies comprising 271 329 community-dwelling participants from Finland (baseline 1986–2005). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured at baseline. We diagnosed infectious diseases (the exposure) and incident major cardiovascular events after infections, defined as myocardial infarction, cardiac death, or fatal or nonfatal stroke (the outcome) from linkage of participants to hospital and death registers. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for infectious diseases as short- and long-term risk factors for incident major cardiovascular events. We also calculated population-attributable fractions for long-term risk. Results: In the UK Biobank (mean follow-up, 11.6 years), 54 434 participants were hospitalized for an infection, and 11 649 had an incident major cardiovascular event at follow-up. Relative to participants with no record of infectious disease, those who were hospitalized experienced increased risk of major cardiovascular events, largely irrespective of the type of infection. This association was strongest during the first month after infection (HR, 7.87 [95% CI, 6.36–9.73]), but remained elevated during the entire follow-up (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.40–1.54]). The findings were similar in the replication cohort (HR, 7.64 [95% CI, 5.82–10.03] during the first month; HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.34–1.48] during mean follow-up of 19.2 years). After controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the population-attributable fraction for severe infections and major cardiovascular events was 4.4% in the UK Biobank and 6.1% in the replication cohort. Conclusions: Infections severe enough to require hospital treatment were associated with increased risks for major cardiovascular disease events immediately after hospitalization. A small excess risk was also observed in the long-term, but residual confounding cannot be excluded.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a cohort study examines data from the UK Biobank and 2 Finnish cohorts to gauge the association between depression and an array of physical conditions requiring hospital treatment and concludes that depression is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization.
Abstract: This cohort study examines data from the UK Biobank and 2 Finnish cohorts to gauge the association between depression and an array of physical conditions requiring hospital treatment.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the associations between properties of the mother's residential green environment, measured as (1) greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation index, NDVI), (2) Vegetation Cover Diversity (VCDI), and (3) Naturalness Index (NI), and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), known for their immune-and microbiota-related health effects on the infant (N = 795 mothers), were investigated.
Abstract: Abstract Increased exposure to greener environments has been suggested to lead to health benefits in children, but the associated mechanisms in early life, particularly via biological mediators such as altered maternal milk composition, remain largely unexplored. We investigated the associations between properties of the mother’s residential green environment, measured as (1) greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation index, NDVI), (2) Vegetation Cover Diversity (VCDI) and (3) Naturalness Index (NI), and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), known for their immune- and microbiota-related health effects on the infant (N = 795 mothers). We show that HMO diversity increases and concentrations of several individual HMOs and HMO groups change with increased VCDI and NI in residential green environments. This suggests that variation in residential green environments may influence the infant via maternal milk through modified HMO composition. The results emphasize the mediating role of breastfeeding between the residential green environments and health in early life.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the associations of clustering of and changes in workplace psychosocial resources (i.e., leadership quality, procedural justice, culture of collaboration, and coworker social support) with sleep disturbances were investigated.
Abstract: Key Points Question What are the associations of clustering of and changes in workplace psychosocial resources (ie, leadership quality, procedural justice, culture of collaboration, and coworker social support) with sleep disturbances? Findings In this cohort study, including 219 982 participant-observations nested within 114 971 participants, clustering of favorable workplace psychosocial resources was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of sleep disturbances. Improvements in leadership quality and procedural justice (ie, vertical resources) and in culture of collaboration and coworker social support (ie, horizontal resources) were associated with a lower risk of persistent sleep disturbances in a dose-response fashion. Meaning These findings suggest that multilevel workplace interventions are essential to promote short- and long-term sleep quality among workers.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identified an error in the script used to stratify people exposed to downsizing that led to misclassification of some individuals as Stayers instead of Changers.
Abstract: After this article [1] was published, the authors identified an error in the script used to stratify people exposed to downsizing that led to misclassification of some individuals as Stayers instead of Changers. Re-analyses indicated that this issue affected subgroup classification and key aspects of the article’s results and conclusions, although the overall conclusion trended in the same direction as was reported in [1]. Therefore, the authors retract this article. We plan to publish an updated version of this work in which the errors have been corrected. All authors agreed with the retraction and apologize for the issues with the published article [1].
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the predictive performance of disability risk scores for employees with chronic diseases, including musculoskeletal disorder, depression, migraine, respiratory disease, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes, comorbid depression and cardiometabolic disease.
Abstract: Abstract Few risk prediction scores are available to identify people at increased risk of work disability, particularly for those with an existing morbidity. We examined the predictive performance of disability risk scores for employees with chronic disease. We used prospective data from 88,521 employed participants (mean age 43.1) in the Finnish Public Sector Study including people with chronic disorders: musculoskeletal disorder, depression, migraine, respiratory disease, hypertension, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes, comorbid depression and cardiometabolic disease. A total of 105 predictors were assessed at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 8.6 years, 6836 (7.7%) participants were granted a disability pension. C-statistics for the 8-item Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) risk score, comprising age, self-rated health, number of sickness absences, socioeconomic position, number of chronic illnesses, sleep problems, BMI, and smoking at baseline, exceeded 0.72 for all disease groups and was 0.80 (95% CI 0.80–0.81) for participants with musculoskeletal disorders, 0.83 (0.82–0.84) for those with migraine, and 0.82 (0.81–0.83) for individuals with respiratory disease. Predictive performance was not significantly improved in models with re-estimated coefficients or a new set of predictors. These findings suggest that the 8-item FIOH work disability risk score may serve as a scalable screening tool in identifying individuals with increased risk for work disability.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined how GPS and accelerometer measured work-related and commuting physical activity contribute to changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the retirement transition in the Finnish Retirement and Aging study (n = 118).
TL;DR: In this paper , compositional linear regression analysis and isotemporal substitution analysis were used to study associations between one-year changes in 24-h movement behaviors and concurrent changes in BMI and waist circumference.
Abstract: Retirement often leads to a more passive lifestyle and may therefore lead to weight gain. This study aims to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and BMI and waist circumference in relation to the transition from work to retirement.The study population included 213 retiring public sector workers (mean age 63.5 years, standard deviation 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Before and after retirement participants wore an Axivity accelerometer on their thigh and filled in a daily log for at least four days to measure daily time spent sleeping, in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Also, their body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured repeatedly. Compositional linear regression analysis and isotemporal substitution analysis were used to study associations between one-year changes in 24-h movement behaviors and concurrent changes in BMI and waist circumference.An increase in MVPA in relation to sleep, SED and LPA was associated with a decreasing BMI (β = -0.60, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (β = -2.14, p = 0.05) over one year from before retirement to after retirement. In contrast, increasing sleep in relation to SED, LPA and MVPA was associated with an increasing BMI (β = 1.34, p = 0.02). Reallocating 60 min from MVPA to SED or sleep was estimated to increase BMI by on average 0.8-0.9 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 3.0 cm during one year.During the transition from work to retirement, increasing MVPA was associated with a slight decrease in BMI and waist circumference, whereas increasing sleep was associated with an increasing BMI. Common life transitions, like retirement, should be considered when giving recommendations and guidance for physical activity and sleep.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined whether neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood predicts arterial stiffness indicated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by whole-body impedance cardiography at ages 30-45 years.
Abstract: Purpose: Individual socioeconomic status is associated with increased arterial stiffness, but limited data are available on the relations of neighbourhood deprivation with this vascular measure. We prospectively examined whether neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood predicts arterial stiffness indicated by pulse wave velocity (PWV).Materials and methods: The study population comprised 1,761 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort study. PWV was measured in 2007 by whole-body impedance cardiography at ages 30-45 years. Cumulative lifetime neighbourhood deprivation was assessed using data from socioeconomic circumstances in participants' lifetime residential neighbourhoods, categorised as low versus high deprivation.Results: High deprivation in childhood and adulthood was associated with higher PWV in adulthood after adjustment for age, sex, and place of birth (mean difference = 0.57 m/s, 95%CI = 0.26-0.88, P for trend = 0.0004). This association was attenuated but remained statistically significant after further adjustment for childhood parental socioeconomic status and adulthood individual socioeconomic status (mean difference = 0.37 m/s, 95%CI = 0.05-0.70, P for trend 0.048). Also, low individual socioeconomic status in adulthood was associated with higher PWV when adjusted for age, sex, place of birth, parental socioeconomic status in childhood, and lifetime neighbourhood deprivation (mean difference = 0.54 m/s, 95%CI = 0.23-0.84, P for trend 0.0001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that lifetime neighbourhood deprivation and low adulthood socioeconomic status are independent risk factors for increased arterial stiffness in adulthood.