基礎講座 電気泳動(Electrophoresis)

The development of novel materials is a fundamental focal point of chemical research; and this interest is mandated by advancements in all areas of industry and technology. A good example of the synergism between scientific discovery and technological development is the electronics industry, where discoveries of new semiconducting materials resulted in the evolution from vacuum tubes to diodes and transistors, and eventually to miniature chips. The progression of this technology led to the development * To whom correspondence should be addressed. B.L.C.: (504) 2801385 (phone); (504) 280-3185 (fax); bcushing@uno.edu (e-mail). C.J.O.: (504)280-6846(phone);(504)280-3185(fax);coconnor@uno.edu (e-mail). 3893 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3893−3946

http://depa.fquim.unam.mx/amyd//archivero/FidelmarLechugaSanabria_4940.pdf

Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles.

1: Magnetic Particles: Preparation, Properties and Applications: M. Ozaki. 2: Maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3): A Versatile Magnetic Colloidal Material C.J. Serna, M.P. Morales. 3: Dynamics of Adsorption and Oxidation of Organic Molecules on Illuminated Titanium Dioxide Particles Immersed in Water M.A. Blesa, R.J. Candal, S.A. Bilmes. 4: Colloidal Aggregation in Two-Dimensions A. Moncho-Jorda, F. Martinez-Lopez, M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, R. Hidalgo Alvarez, M. Quesada-PMerez. 5: Kinetics of Particle and Protein Adsorption Z. Adamczyk.

Surface and Colloid Science

This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems. Although we discuss the main points in the application of the finite element method to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation, those who seek deeper understanding of the finite element method should consult some of the works listed in the bibliography section.

Introduction to the Finite Element Method

Applied Numerical Analysis. By C.F. Gerald. Pp. xii, 340. £3·60. 1970. (Addison-Wesley.)

The electrophoretic behavior of a planar particle covered by an ion-penetrable membrane, which simulates a biological entity, is investigated. We show that, in general, a point charge model will overestimate the electrophoretic mobility of a particle and the deviation increases with the increase in the concentration of fixed charge and with the decrease in the thickness of membrane layer. As in the case of a point charge model, the present model also predicts a local maximum in the absolute mobility as the thickness of membrane layer varies. If the sizes of counterions of various valences are the same, then the lower the valence of counterions, the larger the mobility, and the larger the counterions, the greater the mobility. The latter is consistent with the experimental observations in the literature. For the level of the concentration of fixed charge examined, the effect of coions on the mobility is negligible.

Electrophoretic mobility of a particle covered with an ion-penetrable membrane.

Improving the osmotic energy conversion efficiency of multiple nanopores by a cross flow

The gel electrophoresis of a pH-regulated, zwitterionic sphere is investigated based on a Brinkman model taking account of the steric effects coming from the presence of polymer structure. In particular, the influence of temperature on the mobility of a particle having dissociable/associable functional groups is assessed. The model proposed takes the temperature dependence of the permittivity and viscosity of the liquid medium, the diffusivity of ionic species, and the equilibrium constant of the surface reactions into account, and therefore, is more general and realistic than available models in the literature. A thorough numerical simulation is conducted for temperature and pH ranging from 283 K to 323 K and 5 to 8.5, respectively, to illustrate the electrophoretic behavior of the particle mobility in various conditions.

Influence of temperature on the gel electrophoresis of a pH-regulated, zwitterionic sphere

The behaviour of the non-isothermal dissolution of a solid particle in liquid is modelled theoretically. It is assumed that the diffusion of solute molecules to the bulk liquid phase is the rate-determining step. For the dissolution of hexamethylenetetramine in water (ΔH=–34.14 cal g–1), depending upon the width of the diffusion layer, the maximal temperature increase at the solid/liquid interface is ca. 0.2–1.1 °C, and for the dissolution of urea in water (ΔH= 60 cal g–1) the maximal temperature decrease at the solid/liquid interface is ca. 0.5–2.0 °C. The difference between the temperature at the solid/liquid interface and that of the bulk liquid phase is ca.± 0.5 °C for most of the period of dissolution. For the dissolution of non-dissociating substances in water, if the temperature of the liquid phase remains constant, the heat released during the course of dissolution has a negligible effect on the dissolution behaviour. In some cases, however, solving the governing equation for the resolution of the exact temperature profile is necessary.

Jyh-Ping Hsu

Papers

Electrophoretic mobility of a particle covered with an ion-penetrable membrane.

Improving the osmotic energy conversion efficiency of multiple nanopores by a cross flow

Influence of temperature on the gel electrophoresis of a pH-regulated, zwitterionic sphere

Non-isothermal dissolution of a solid particle in liquid

An Algorithm for the Calculation of the Electrostatic Force between Identical Charged Surfaces in Electrolytes