Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com.

/pdf/european-position-paper-on-rhinosinusitis-and-nasal-polyps-mj734vsl7p.pdf

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

Transfer learning aims at improving the performance of target learners on target domains by transferring the knowledge contained in different but related source domains. In this way, the dependence on a large number of target-domain data can be reduced for constructing target learners. Due to the wide application prospects, transfer learning has become a popular and promising area in machine learning. Although there are already some valuable and impressive surveys on transfer learning, these surveys introduce approaches in a relatively isolated way and lack the recent advances in transfer learning. Due to the rapid expansion of the transfer learning area, it is both necessary and challenging to comprehensively review the relevant studies. This survey attempts to connect and systematize the existing transfer learning research studies, as well as to summarize and interpret the mechanisms and the strategies of transfer learning in a comprehensive way, which may help readers have a better understanding of the current research status and ideas. Unlike previous surveys, this survey article reviews more than 40 representative transfer learning approaches, especially homogeneous transfer learning approaches, from the perspectives of data and model. The applications of transfer learning are also briefly introduced. In order to show the performance of different transfer learning models, over 20 representative transfer learning models are used for experiments. The models are performed on three different data sets, that is, Amazon Reviews, Reuters-21578, and Office-31, and the experimental results demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate transfer learning models for different applications in practice.

A Comprehensive Survey on Transfer Learning

Independent Component Analysis.

OBJECTIVES
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is an allergic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa, and sometimes, osteitis. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of osteitis in ECRS and the relationship between bony thickening of the middle turbinate and recurrence of ECRS.


METHODS
A total of 246 patients with paranasal diseases were included in the study. The patients' data on bone thickening level, mucosal thickening, polyp score, clinical severity, and laboratory data were retrospectively evaluated.


RESULTS
In total, 38, 186, and 22 patients had ECRS, non-ECRS (NECRS), and odontogenic sinusitis, respectively. The Lund-Mackey (LM) score and Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) scores in patients with ECRS were higher than those in patients with other paranasal diseases. There was a significant positive correlation between the GOSS score and ECRS clinical disease severity. Postoperative recurrence was significantly increased in patients with ECRS associated with bony thickening of the middle turbinate.


CONCLUSION
Both mucosal inflammation and osteitis were more severe in patients with ECRS than in patients with other diseases, and clinical disease severity was correlated with osteitis. Furthermore, the postoperative recurrence rate tended to increase in patients with ECRS who had bony thickening of the middle turbinate.

Osteitis in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Simple Summary Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lung cancer has an attractive schedule. In this study, we focused on the efficacy of SRS, and the primary endpoint of this study was the 3-year local recurrence rate. The results showed that the 3-year local recurrence rate was 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.3–22.2%), and this rate was less than the expected rate. Good results were obtained in this study and this regimen of SRS is a candidate for a future phase III trial. Abstract Purpose: A phase II study carried out to assess the efficacy of a risk-adapted strategy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lung cancer. The primary endpoint was 3-year local recurrence, and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), rate of start of systemic therapy or best supportive care (SST-BSC), and toxicity. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients fulfilled the following criteria: performance status of 2 or less, forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 700 mL or more, and tumor not located in central or attached to the chest wall. Twenty-eight Gy was prescribed for primary lung cancers with diameters of 3 cm or less and 30 Gy was prescribed for primary lung cancers with diameters of 3.1–5.0 cm or solitary metastatic lung cancer diameters of 5 cm or less. Results: Twenty-one patients were analyzed. The patients included 7 patients with adenocarcinoma, 2 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 1 patient with metastasis, and 11 patients with clinical diagnosis. The median tumor diameter was 1.9 cm. SRS was prescribed at 28 Gy for 18 tumors and 30 Gy for 3 tumors. During the median follow-up period of 38.9 months for survivors, 1 patient had local recurrence, 7 patients had regional or distant metastasis, and 5 patients died. The 3-year local recurrence, SST-BSC, DFS, and OS rates were 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3–22.2%), 20.1% (95% CI: 6.0–40.2%), 59.2% (95% CI: 34.4–77.3%), and 78.2% (95% CI: 51.4–91.3%), respectively. The 95% CI upper value of local recurrence was lower than the null local recurrence probability. There was no severe toxicity, and grade 2 radiation pneumonitis occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions: Patients who received SRS for lung cancer had a low rate of 3-year local recurrence and tolerable toxicity.

/pdf/stereotactic-radiosurgery-for-lung-cancer-with-a-risk-2d5bnamz.pdf

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Lung Cancer with a Risk-Adapted Strategy Using the Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Technique: A Single Arm Phase II Study

オスラー病(遺伝性出血性毛細血管拡張症)は全身に血管異常をきたすため様々な症状を呈するが,中でも 鼻出血は有症率が95%以上と高いことが知られている。しかしオスラー病に伴う鼻出血に関して本邦では疫学 的な調査は存在しない。オスラー病の鼻出血に対する治療の現状と満足度についてアンケート調査を行い,検 討を行った。オスラー病患者を対象に,匿名で鼻出血の程度,鼻出血の予防法,鼻出血に対する治療歴,満足 度,耳鼻咽喉科に対する要望などについて調査した。回答者は42名のうち,有効回答の得られた36名を検討対 象とした。年齢中央値は53.5歳(17‒83歳),性別は男性19名,女性17名であった。34名(94%)が週1回以上 の鼻出血があると回答した。耳鼻咽喉科を受診したことがあると回答したのは30名(83%)であった。治療歴 はガーゼ留置16名,焼灼術18名,皮膚粘膜置換術4名であったが,治療満足度は低かった。耳鼻咽喉科に対す る要望の約6割が耳鼻咽喉科医の中でのオスラー病の知識の普及に関することであった。耳鼻咽喉科でもオス ラー病に対する取り組みはなされているが,十分にオスラー病患者に評価されていないと考えられた。今後, 耳鼻科でもオスラー病に対して積極的な取り組みが求められると考えられた。

/pdf/cross-sectional-study-of-the-occurrence-of-epistaxis-in-hht-4mqgmda0ad.pdf

Kazuya Takeda

Papers

Osteitis in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Lung Cancer with a Risk-Adapted Strategy Using the Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Technique: A Single Arm Phase II Study

Cross-sectional Study of the Occurrence of Epistaxis in HHT Patients

Blind source separation using dodecahedral microphone array for selective listening point audio

Method for determining sound localization by auditory masking