This tutorial/survey paper: (1) provides a concise point of departure for researchers and practitioners alike wishing to assess the current state of the art in the control and monitoring of civil engineering structures; and (2) provides a link between structural control and other fields of control theory, pointing out both differences and similarities, and points out where future research and application efforts are likely to prove fruitful. The paper consists of the following sections: section 1 is an introduction; section 2 deals with passive energy dissipation; section 3 deals with active control; section 4 deals with hybrid and semiactive control systems; section 5 discusses sensors for structural control; section 6 deals with smart material systems; section 7 deals with health monitoring and damage detection; and section 8 deals with research needs. An extensive list of references is provided in the references section.

Structural control: past, present, and future

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications, Third Edition presents students, engineers, and scientists with all they need to gain a solid understanding of the numerical methods and principles underlying modern computation techniques in fluid dynamics By providing complete coverage of the essential knowledge required in order to write codes or understand commercial codes, the book gives the reader an overview of fundamentals and solution strategies in the early chapters before moving on to cover the details of different solution techniques

	This updated edition includes new worked programming examples, expanded coverage and recent literature regarding incompressible flows, the Discontinuous Galerkin Method, the Lattice Boltzmann Method, higher-order spatial schemes, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and parallelization

	An accompanying companion website contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D Euler and Navier-Stokes flow solvers (structured and unstructured) and grid generators, along with tools for Von Neumann stability analysis of 1-D model equations and examples of various parallelization techniques



	
		Will provide you with the knowledge required to develop and understand modern flow simulation codes
	
		Features new worked programming examples and expanded coverage of incompressible flows, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and code parallelization, among other topics
	
		Includes accompanying companion website that contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D flow solvers as well as grid generators and examples of parallelization techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications Ed. 3

6.1.2. Aqueous V(III) Chemistry 877 6.1.3. Oxidation State of Vanadium in Tunicates 878 6.1.4. Uptake of Vanadate into Tunicates 879 6.1.5. Vanadium Binding Proteins: Vanabins 879 6.1.6. Model Complexes and Their Chemistry 880 6.1.7. Catechol-Based Model Chemistry 880 6.1.8. Vanadium Sulfate Complexes 881 6.2. Fan Worm Pseudopotamilla occelata 883 7. Vanadium Nitrogenase 883 7.1. Nitrogenases 883 7.2. Biochemistry of Nitrogenase 884 7.3. Clusters in Nitrogenase and Model Systems: Structure and Reactivity 885

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The chemistry and biochemistry of vanadium and the biological activities exerted by vanadium compounds.

In evolutionary multiobjective optimization, maintaining a good balance between convergence and diversity is particularly crucial to the performance of the evolutionary algorithms (EAs). In addition, it becomes increasingly important to incorporate user preferences because it will be less likely to achieve a representative subset of the Pareto-optimal solutions using a limited population size as the number of objectives increases. This paper proposes a reference vector-guided EA for many-objective optimization. The reference vectors can be used not only to decompose the original multiobjective optimization problem into a number of single-objective subproblems, but also to elucidate user preferences to target a preferred subset of the whole Pareto front (PF). In the proposed algorithm, a scalarization approach, termed angle-penalized distance, is adopted to balance convergence and diversity of the solutions in the high-dimensional objective space. An adaptation strategy is proposed to dynamically adjust the distribution of the reference vectors according to the scales of the objective functions. Our experimental results on a variety of benchmark test problems show that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive in comparison with five state-of-the-art EAs for many-objective optimization. In addition, we show that reference vectors are effective and cost-efficient for preference articulation, which is particularly desirable for many-objective optimization. Furthermore, a reference vector regeneration strategy is proposed for handling irregular PFs. Finally, the proposed algorithm is extended for solving constrained many-objective optimization problems.

A Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

Preface Introduction 1. Fluid field equations and modal analysis in rigid containers 2. Linear forced sloshing 3. Viscous damping and sloshing suppression devices 4. Weakly nonlinear lateral sloshing 5. Equivalent mechanical models 6. Parametric sloshing (Faraday's waves) 7. Dynamics of liquid sloshing impact 8. Linear interaction of liquid sloshing with elastic containers 9. Nonlinear interaction under external and parametric excitations 10. Interactions with support structures and tuned sloshing absorbers 11. Dynamics of rotating fluids 12. Microgravity sloshing dynamics Bibliography Index.

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Liquid Sloshing Dynamics

Unlike most of the scalability studies on many-objective optimization problems found in the literature, in this paper we present a scalability study adopting a real-world optimization problem. The problem employed is a trajectory design optimization problem in which the objectives where varied from three to six objectives. Likewise, we evaluate the performance of the Chebyshev preference relation, which is a recently proposed technique designed for dealing with many-objective optimization problems. In this study we find that the hardness of the trajectory optimization problem, as observed in benchmark problems, increases with the addition of objective functions. Additionally, for this problem, the proportion of nondominated solutions in a random population quickly increases with the number of objectives. We also find that the Chebyshev relation has a better scalability than the standard Pareto dominance with respect to the dimension of the objective space.

Space trajectory design: Analysis of a real-world many-objective optimization problem

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis of a supersonic jet impinging on an inclined flat plate is presented. We process data of flow fields and acoustic fields obtained in the previous study in which we found that three kinds of aeroacoustic waves are generated; (i) Mach waves from the main jet, (ii) acoustic waves from the impingement region and (iii)Mach waves from the supersonic flow downstream of the impingement region. For the two-dimensional pressure distribution in acoustic fields by a impinging jet, POD analysis with Fourier transformation is conducted. POD results illustrate locations of the acoustic waves (ii) and Mach waves (iii). Also POD results show that acoustic waves (ii) and Mach waves (iii) are observed in the same POD mode. Thus, the result shows that the acoustic wave (ii) and Mach wave (iii) have the strong relation each other.

POD of aeroacoustic fields of a jet impinging on an inclied plate

A numerical simulation of tangential blowing along the leading edge of a delta wing is analyzed as a means of controlling the position and strength of the leading-edge vortices. The computation is done by numerical solutions of the three-dimensional thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical results are shown to compare favorably with experimental measurements. It is found that the use of tangential leading-edge blowing at low to moderate angles of attack tends to reduce the pressure peaks associated with leading-edge vortices and to increase the suction peak around the leading edge, such that the integrated value of the surface pressure remains about the same.

Numerical study of the effect of tangential leading edge blowing on delta wing vortical flow

A new constraint-handling technique based on Pareto-optimality concept is proposed for evolutionary algorithms to efficiently deal with multiobjective multi-constraint design optimization problems. The essence of the proposed method is to apply non-dominance concept based on constraint function values to infeasible designs and to apply nondominance concept based on objective function values to feasible designs. The proposed technique does not need any constants to be tuned as the proposed technique does not use weighted-sum of constraints. First, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be remarkably more robust than traditional constraint-handling techniques through the optimal design of a welded beam and conceptual design optimization of a two-stage-to-orbit space plane. Next, high-fidelity aerodynamic design optimization of an axial compressor blade design is demonstrated.

Pareto-optimality-based constraint-handling technique and its application to compressor design

The flow fields around NACA0015 airfoil, separation over which is controlled by a DBD plasma actuator are simulated by implicit large eddy simulation with compact difference scheme, and the burst frequency effect of DBD plasma actuator on the control of separated flow over the airfoil is discussed. The Reynolds number based on chord length is set to 63,000 and the angle of attack is set to 14 [deg]. The DBD plasma actuator is installed at the 0 % and 5 % chord length from the leading edge, and actuated in burst mode. For the burst mode, the nondimensional burst frequency is set to 1 and 6. Through the present analysis, the two mechanisms of separation control are discussed. The first mechanism enhance the vortex shedding from the separation shear layer and avoid the massive separation from the leading edge on burst mode with nondimensional burst frequency of 1. The second mechanism improves the airfoil performance by suppressing the separation region on the burst mode with nondimensional burst frequency of 6. In addition, it is clarified that the first mechanism is more sensitive to the location of the DBD plasma actuator than the second mechanism and it is associated with large fluctuation of lift.

Kozo Fujii

Papers

Space trajectory design: Analysis of a real-world many-objective optimization problem

POD of aeroacoustic fields of a jet impinging on an inclied plate

Numerical study of the effect of tangential leading edge blowing on delta wing vortical flow

Pareto-optimality-based constraint-handling technique and its application to compressor design

Burst Frequency Effect of DBD Plasma Actuator on the Control of Separated Flow Over an Airfoil