https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)61766-8.pdf

A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61690-6.pdf

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health

Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the 1997 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and reflects this newer knowledge and the supporting publications. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, the mother, and the community are summarized, and recommendations to guide the pediatrician and other health care professionals in assisting mothers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for healthy term infants and high-risk infants are presented. The policy statement delineates various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation.

/pdf/breastfeeding-and-the-use-of-human-milk-2m74a0njro.pdf

Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(07)61690-0.pdf

Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60937-X.pdf

Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations PA N I S F I A T G u id e in e s o n fo o d fo r tific atio n w th m ic r o n u tr ie n ts Interest in micronutrient malnutrition has increased greatly over the last few years. One of the main reasons is the realization that micronutrient malnutrition contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. Furthermore, although micronutrient malnutrition is more frequent and severe in the developing world and among disadvantaged populations, it also represents a public health problem in some industrialized countries. Measures to correct micronutrient deficiencies aim at ensuring consumption of a balanced diet that is adequate in every nutrient. Unfortunately, this is far from being achieved everywhere since it requires universal access to adequate food and appropriate dietary habits. Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns.

Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients

Vitamin B12 deficiency causes reversible megaloblastic anemia, demyelinating disease, or both. Current assays have insufficient sensitivity and specificity; methylmalonic acid levels are useful to confirm diagnosis. Parenteral or high-dose oral vitamin B12 is effective therapy.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp1113996

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome

This review is intended primarily for health professionals and others concerned with the nutrition health and well-being of children. The objective is to provide the background information that is necessary for the development of scientifically sound feeding recommendations and appropriate intervention programmes to enhance childrens dietary intake and nutrition status. Although much of the information may be relevant for young children in industrialized countries the review focuses on the particular needs of children in low-income settings and the recommendations have been formulated with consideration for the economic and environmental constraints that are common in developing countries. The review is organized in nine sections. An introductory chapter provides the rationale for the exercise and defines some of the terms used. Chapter 2 discusses the importance of breast-feeding and the appropriate age of introduction of complementary foods and breast-feeding duration. Chapter 3 is devoted to technical information including energy requirements at different ages feeding frequency energy density and organoleptic characteristics of food while Chapter 4 discusses protein and micronutrients. Chapter 5 considers the role of caregivers chapter 6 food processing and food safety chapter 7 child feeding practices and childrens dietary intake and chapter 8 a range of programmatic interventions to promote improved child feeding. Lastly chapter 9 summarizes current conclusions regarding appropriate child feeding and future research needs. (excerpt)

Lindsay H. Allen

Papers

Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences

Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome

Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge.