2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-z18hg30pp1.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-53v7yllhiz.pdf

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 : The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

https://anmco.it/uploads/u_cms/media/2014/12/798e9298d77b7b8c9aa0514e43fe95a2.pdf

ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.

A significant percentage of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients eventually require surgery, mainly in young patients, sometimes affecting children less than 10 years old Those with severe functional valvular changes and dilated ventricles have progressive cardiac deterioration Timely and appropriately performed surgery and perioperative care will be required Indications and techniques for surgery of aortic, mitral, and tricuspid disease are discussed Techniques of mitral valve repair have evolved significantly, and results are now much better; hence, comparison with replacement is favorable With the exception of percutaneous treatment mitral stenosis, new technologies are, yet, not generally applicable in rheumatic disease Further developments are expected Cardiac surgery needs complex infrastructures and skills In a significant number of low-middle income countries, especially in Africa, these facilities are not available and, where available, they are usually incapable to cope with the very large demand

Surgical Management of Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital condition that frequently progresses to aortic regurgitation with clinical impact in adulthood. Surgical treatment is required in the fifth to sixth decade of life in about one fifth of patients. We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with regular cardiological follow-up for severe aortic valve regurgitation who had suffered recent clinical and echocardiographic deterioration. Conventional open surgery was indicated. During the procedure, a QAV with leaflet retraction and central orifice was observed. The aortic valve was successfully replaced.

Quadricuspid aortic valve with a hidden left ostium: Case report and literature review

RESUMO O enfisema pulmonar e uma doenca cronica, progressiva e invalidante. A transplantacao pulmonar foi, ate ha pouco tempo, a unica hipotese de cura. Recentemente, contudo, a cirurgia de reducao do volume foi popularizada e demonstrou resultados excelentes a curto e medio prazo. Esta tecnica baseia-se no principio de que a elimioacao das areas hiperinsufladas e desfuncionalizadas permite a expansao do parenquima normal e funcionante. Pode ser aplicada unilateral ou bilateralmente. A mortalidade operatoria e relativamente reduzida (3-5%) e ha um aumento marcado do VEMS no pos­operatorio imediato e os ganhos continuam a observar-se pelo menos durante os primeiros 12 meses de follow-up. A sobrevida dos doentes e significativamente melborada, estando 80% dos doentes vivos ao fim de 3 anos. Em conclusao, a cirurgia de reducao do volume parece ter vantagens apreciaveis sobre o transplante e deve constituir o primeiro passo no tratamento cirurgico do enfisema pulmonar. REV PORT PNEUMOL 1999; V (4): 405-410

Cirurgia de redução de volume no enfisema pulmonar**Conferêcia proferida nas I Jornadas de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar do Funchal. Março. 1999.

The traumatic aortic valvular insufficiency (TAVI), through less frequent after a non-penetrating thoracic traumatism, is a serious entity with a very reserved prognosis. So it must be suspected in every patients with signs or symptoms of de novo heart failure post-traumatism. The transthoracic echocardiography and eventually transesophageal echocardiography have a fundamental role in the confirmation of the diagnosis. The clinical picture of traumatic aortic regurgitation is quickly evolutionary and the non efficacy of medical therapy has placed the valvular substitution surgery as the best succeeded treatment. With the advent of the aortic valve repairing surgery some TAVI cases has been submitted to this procedure. Nevertheless, the development of residual aortic regurgitation in these situations, usually requiring later valvular replacement surgery, make the aortic valvuloplasty a controversial surgical technique. The AA describe a recent clinical case of aortic regurgitation after a non-penetrant thoracic traumatism, discussing the aspects connected with physiopathology, diagnosis and therapy. The singularity of this case was based on the fact that the initial clinical diagnosis had been prejudiced by the context of a polytraumatism and there had been a time free of symptoms between the traumatism and the beginning of the symptomatology of left ventricular failure. Even though the identification of the problem allowed an intensive treatment of this serious situation that ended with the replacement of the aortic valve by mechanical aortic prosthesis, with the patient's total recovery.

Manuel J. Antunes

Papers

Surgical Management of Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease

Quadricuspid aortic valve with a hidden left ostium: Case report and literature review

Cirurgia de redução de volume no enfisema pulmonar**Conferêcia proferida nas I Jornadas de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar do Funchal. Março. 1999.

Traumatic aortic valve insufficiency

The Narrow Aortic Root. A Continuing Surgical Challenge