Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition. 
The isotopic composition of the nitrogen in an animal reflects the nitrogen isotopic composition of its diet. The δ^(15)N values of the whole bodies of animals are usually more positive than those of their diets. Different individuals of a species raised on the same diet can have significantly different δ^(15)N values. The variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different species raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets. Different tissues of mice are also enriched in ^(15)N relative to the diet, with the difference between the δ^(15)N values of a tissue and the diet depending on both the kind of tissue and the diet involved. The δ^(15)N values of collagen and chitin, biochemical components that are often preserved in fossil animal remains, are also related to the δ^(15)N value of the diet. 
The dependence of the δ^(15)N values of whole animals and their tissues and biochemical components on the δ^(15)N value of diet indicates that the isotopic composition of animal nitrogen can be used to obtain information about an animal's diet if its potential food sources had different δ^(15)N values. The nitrogen isotopic method of dietary analysis probably can be used to estimate the relative use of legumes vs non-legumes or of aquatic vs terrestrial organisms as food sources for extant and fossil animals. However, the method probably will not be applicable in those modern ecosystems in which the use of chemical fertilizers has influenced the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in food sources. 
The isotopic method of dietary analysis was used to reconstruct changes in the diet of the human population that occupied the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico over a 7000 yr span. Variations in the δ^(15)C and δ^(15)N values of bone collagen suggest that C_4 and/or CAM plants (presumably mostly corn) and legumes (presumably mostly beans) were introduced into the diet much earlier than suggested by conventional archaeological analysis.

Influence of Diet On the Distribtion of Nitrogen Isotopes in Animals

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Input Output Analysis Foundations And Extensions

Über die Adsorption in Lösungen

Marine biogeochemical cycling of mercury.

The nitrogen nutrition of the phytoplankton community in the neritic and oceanic waters of the western Indian Ocean was investigated during the south-east monsoon (June‐July) and intermonsoon periods (November‐December). The region is very oligotrophic, characterized by very low nutrient concentrations (surface NO3 <0·5 IM), low phytoplankton biomass (PON 20·85 Imol l "1 ) and predominance of regenerated production (maximum f-ratio <0·47). Ammonium was the major nitrogen substrate during the two seasons, supplying 53‐99% of the phytoplankton’s nitrogen requirement. Nevertheless, both the uptake of nitrate and its relative contribution to total nitrogen removal (f-ratio) were significantly higher during the intermonsoon period than during the south-east monsoon period. While nutrient concentrations and nitrate uptake rates varied little, ammonium uptake and regeneration rates as well as f-ratio values showed significant spatial variability (i.e. between neritic and oceanic regions), which reflected the diVerence in the plankton assemblage and its ecophysiology. The oceanic assemblage exhibited higher ammonium uptake capacity, tuned to the activity of an eYcient regenerating community that supplied about 68% of the daily nitrogen requirement of the phytoplankton. Analysis of ammonium uptake in relation to seasonal changes in ammonium availability showed that the neritic and oceanic assemblages had diVerent uptake responses. While the ammonium uptake rates of the neritic assemblage varied according to the ambient ammonium availability, the oceanic assemblage maintained a relatively high specific ammonium uptake rate throughout the two seasons despite large variations in ammonium availability. Maintaining a relatively high ammonium uptake rate in the oceanic stations is interpreted as a physiological adaptation to ammonium supply. ? 1999 Academic Press

Phytoplankton Nitrogen Nutrition in the Western Indian Ocean: Ecophysiological Adaptations of Neritic and Oceanic Assemblages to Ammonium Supply

In situ measurement of estrogenic activity in various aquatic systems using organic diffusive gradients in thin-film coupled with ERE-CALUX bioassay.

CALUX measurements: statistical inferences for the dose-response curve.

The concentrations of total mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MMHg) were determined in 78 marine sediments in the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf along nine transects perpendicular to the coastline. Total Hg ranged from 10 to 56 ng g( - 1)d.w. and MMHg from 0.1 to 0.4 ng g( - 1) d.w. The fraction of methyl mercury accounted from 0.3% to 1.1% of the total mercury amount. The organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.4% to 1.8%. The present study indicates that the levels of Hg in the sediments of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf were all in the concentration range of unpolluted areas regarding Hg (<100 ng g( - 1)). The concentrations of total Hg, methyl mercury and organic carbon were generally higher in the deeper stations. Total Hg and MMHg were significantly correlated, but no significant correlations could be found between the Hg and OC levels.

Mercury speciation in the Persian Gulf sediments

http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/70159.pdf

Marc Elskens

Papers

Phytoplankton Nitrogen Nutrition in the Western Indian Ocean: Ecophysiological Adaptations of Neritic and Oceanic Assemblages to Ammonium Supply

In situ measurement of estrogenic activity in various aquatic systems using organic diffusive gradients in thin-film coupled with ERE-CALUX bioassay.

CALUX measurements: statistical inferences for the dose-response curve.

Mercury speciation in the Persian Gulf sediments

Model selection through a statistical analysis of the minimum of a weighted least squares cost function